Provided are a hyperspectral sensor and a hyperspectral camera in which influence of external information such as a reflecting material is reduced such that the spectral data accuracy of a subject to be acquired can be improved. In the hyperspectral sensor in which light from a subject is split into light components in a plurality of wavelength ranges by a spectral optical element and each of the light components in the wavelength ranges is received by a sensor array consisting of a plurality of photodetection elements to acquire spectral data in which spectral information of the subject is associated with each of the photodetection elements, a polarization diffraction element that emits polarized light is used as the spectral optical element.

An imaging device (110) and a method for imaging at least one object (112), specifically for multispectral imaging or hyperspectral imaging, are disclosed. The imaging device (110) comprises I. at least one image sensor (114) located in at least one image plane (116) of the imaging device (110), the image sensor (114) comprising a plurality of photosensitive elements (118); II. at least one first imaging system (120) configured for generating at least one intermediate image (122) of the object (112) in at least one intermediate image plane (124); III. at least one second imaging system (132) configured for generating at least one image (134) of the intermediate image (122) on the image sensor (114) in the image plane (116); IV. at least one diffractive optical element (142) arranged in the intermediate image plane (124); and V. at least one aperture (144) arranged in a beam path (146) of the second imaging system (132) between the intermediate image plane (124) and the image sensor (114),
wherein the diffractive optical element (142), the second imaging system (132) and the aperture (144) are arranged such that at least two different images for at least two different wavelengths of the intermediate image (122) are generated on at least two different groups of the photosensitive elements (118).

A lighting apparatus for vehicles with a number of semiconductor-based light sources and a projection device for generating the specified light distribution with a cut-off line. The projection device features a correction device with at least two lenses. The surface of at least one of the lenses is designed as a diffractive lens surface for achromatization in a visible wavelength range. The two lenses are made from different lens materials. The surfaces of at least two lenses are designed as refractive lens surfaces that have their optical power calculated based on a temperature range and/or expansion coefficient of the lens material of at least two lenses such that adding the optical power of the lenses yields a predefined total optical power of the correction device.

Hybrid imaging systems incorporating conventional optical elements and metasurface elements with light sources and/or detectors, and methods of the manufacture and operation of such optical arrangements are provided. Systems and methods describe the integration of apertures with metasurface elements and refractive optics with metasurface elements in illumination sources and sensors.

Provided are a mask inspection apparatus and a mask inspection method that can prevent a reduction in a reflectance of a drop-in mirror, which is caused by carbon contaminants. A mask inspection apparatus according to the present invention includes a drop-in mirror including multi-layer film and a reflective surface. The drop-in mirror is configured to reflect illumination light incident on the reflective surface and illuminate the mask. An area of the reflective surface is configured to be greater than an area of an illuminated spot irradiated with the illumination light on the reflective surface. The drop-in mirror is configured to be movable. A position of the illuminated spot on the reflective surface is configured to be moved when the drop-in mirror is moved.

A multi-spectral imaging (MSI) device can include an imaging plane and a diffractive optic. The imaging plane can include at least two groups of pixels an array of pixels for sensing at least two spectral bands. The at least two spectral bands can include a first spectral band and a second spectral band. The diffractive optic can be configured for diffracting an electromagnetic wave into the at least two spectral bands and focusing each spectral band component of the electromagnetic wave onto the group of pixels for the spectral band to generate an image.

The invention relates to a device for detecting features in a three-dimensional hyperspectral scene (3), comprising a system for direct detection (1) of features in the hyperspectral scene (3) which incorporates a deep and convolutional neural network (12, 14) designed to detect the one or more searched features in the hyperspectral scene (3) from a compressed image of said hyperspectral scene.

Disclosed herein are techniques for eye tracking in near-eye display devices. In some embodiments, an illuminator for eye tracking is provided. The illuminator includes a light source configured to be positioned within a field of view of an eye of a user; a first reflector configured to shadow the light source from a field of view of a camera; and a second reflector configured to receive light from the light source that is reflected by the eye of the user, and to direct the light toward the camera.

Particular embodiments disclosed herein provide a surgical laser system comprising first laser source configured to emit a first laser beam with a first wavelength and a second laser source configured to emit a second laser beam with a second wavelength. The surgical laser system further comprises a first diffraction optical element (DOE) tuned to the first wavelength and a second DOE tuned to the second wavelength, wherein the first DOE is configured to diffract the first laser beam into one or more first diffracted beams at a diffraction angle and the second DOE is configured to diffract the second laser beam into one or more second diffracted beams at the same diffraction angle. The surgical laser system further comprises one or more beam splitters configured to reflect the one or more first diffracted beams and the one or more second diffracted beams onto a lens.

An illumination apparatus for illuminating a sample plane and a sample that is optionally arranged therein along an illumination beam path includes: a first light source (for outputting light of at least one first wavelength (λ.sub.photo), a second light source for outputting light of at least one second wavelength (λ.sub.exc), and a diffraction grating in the illumination beam path between the first and second light sources and the sample plane. Light of the first wavelength (λ.sub.photo) is not diffracted by the diffraction grating, and light of the second wavelength (λ.sub.exc) is diffracted due to the effect of the diffraction grating. The illumination apparatus can be used in a microscope.