A laminate includes a substrate; and a layer (a) containing particles forming a specific uneven shape, the number of particles present on the surface of the layer (a) is 6.3 to 20 per 1 μm.sup.2, and a heat shrinkage rate of the laminate in a case of being heated for one hour at a glass transition temperature of the substrate+10° C. is 20% or more and less than 70%. An antireflection product has a three-dimensional curved surface having a curvature radius of 1 to 1,000 mm, and has a specific uneven shape formed of particles on the three-dimensional curved surface, the number of metal oxide particles present on the three-dimensional curved surface is 9 to 40 per 1 μm.sup.2, and a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of reflectivities is less than 1.2%.

An optical component has: a planar liquid layer; and one or more light sources arranged such that light is guided to the planar liquid layer; wherein the liquid layer is configured to guide light.

The present invention relates to a polypropylene composite resin light diffusion plate. The polypropylene composite resin light diffusion plate obtained by mixing hollow spheres made of an inorganic material with an eco-friendly, inexpensive, low specific gravity polypropylene composite resin can improve thermal expansion characteristic (area expansion rate) to a level equal to or superior to those of polycarbonate (PC) and polystyrene (PS), enhance optical characteristics (transmittance, shielding rate), and reduce manufacturing costs. The polypropylene composite resin light diffusion plate according to the present invention is manufactured in a flat plate shape by mixing a plurality of hollow spheres with a polymer resin containing a polypropylene (PP) resin and has an area expansion rate of 0.4-0.7% at 60° C., relative to an area at room temperature, due to mutual bonding of the polypropylene (PP) resin and the plurality of hollow spheres by covalent bonding therebetween.

A process of making a diverging-light fiber optics illumination delivery system includes providing a micro-post comprising a glass-ceramic light-scattering element that includes at least one of a ceramic, a glass ceramic, an immiscible glass, a porous glass, opal glass, amorphous glass, an aerated glass, and a nanostructured glass; and fusion-splicing the glass-ceramic micro-post to the optical fiber by pulling an arc between electrodes across a gap formed by the optical fiber and the glass-ceramic micro-post; maintaining the arc for a time sufficiently long to make facing surfaces of the optical fiber and the micro-post one of malleable and molten; and pushing and thereby fusing together the facing surfaces of the optical fiber and the micro-post. Some embodiments can include fusing the glass-ceramic micro-post to the optical fiber by applying a laser beam to heat up at least one of the facing surfaces of the optical fiber and the glass-ceramic micro-post.

Described herein is a system and method for tuning light scatter in an optically functional porous layer of an LED. The layer comprises a non-light absorbing material structure having a plurality of sub-micron pores and a polymer matrix. The non-light absorbing material forms either a plurality of micron-sized porous particles dispersed throughout the layer or a mesh slab, wherein a plurality of sub-micron pores is located within each micron-sized porous particle or forms an interconnected network of sub-micron pores within the mesh slab, respectively. A polymer matrix, such as a high refractive index silicone fills the plurality of sub-micron pores creating an interface between the materials. Refractive index differences between the materials allow for light scatter to occur at the interface of the materials. Light scatter can also be decreased as a function of temperature, creating a system for tuning light scatter in both an off state and on state of an LED.

A process of making a diverging-light fiber optics illumination delivery system includes providing a micro-post comprising a glass-ceramic light-scattering element that includes at least one of a ceramic, a glass ceramic, an immiscible glass, a porous glass, opal glass, amorphous glass, an aerated glass, and a nanostructured glass; and fusion-splicing the glass-ceramic micro-post to the optical fiber by pulling an arc between electrodes across a gap formed by the optical fiber and the glass-ceramic micro-post; maintaining the arc for a time sufficiently long to make facing surfaces of the optical fiber and the micro-post one of malleable and molten; and pushing and thereby fusing together the facing surfaces of the optical fiber and the micro-post. Some embodiments can include fusing the glass-ceramic micro-post to the optical fiber by applying a laser beam to heat up at least one of the facing surfaces of the optical fiber and the glass-ceramic micro-post.

A screen including a light control sheet which includes a front surface and a rear surface and has a transparent state and an opaque state, and a transparent reflective layer that faces the rear surface. The front surface is positioned such that light from a projection device is applied in the opaque state. The opaque state includes a state in which an average diffuse reflectance of visible light applied to the front surface is 10% or more and less than 20%.

A nanovoided spacer material that is used as a mechanical buffer between at least two optical components. The optical components may include gratings (e.g., Bragg gratings, moth-eye surfaces, etc.) having sensitive and fragile surfaces (e.g., patterned surfaces). The nanovoided spacers may have a predetermined thickness and concentration of nanovoids to provide a given optical property (e.g., a reflection coefficient at an interface between two optical elements). The nanovoided spacer may include a multilayer structure (e.g., two or more layers) of varying refractive index (e.g., to reduce reflections between surfaces of the optical elements). The nanovoided spacer may include from about 10% to 90% nanovoids by volume and may have an average index of refraction of about 1.15. Various other methods, systems, apparatuses, and materials are also disclosed.

Provided is an anti-glare antireflection member capable of suppressing coloring in viewing in an oblique direction, and suppressing visual recognition of local luminescent spots. The anti-glare antireflection member comprises an anti-glare layer and a low refractive index layer on a substrate. The average of Δd is 7.0 nm or more and 40.0 nm or less, where Δd is a thickness difference of the low refractive index layer in an arbitrary 2 mm×2 mm region of the anti-glare anti refractive index layer.

A resin reflective film, which containing two or more kinds of regions having different refractive indexes from each other, in which a film thickness of the resin film 20 to 5,000 .Math.m, and a total reflectance is 60% or more and a diffuse reflectance is 60% or more for deep ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 220 to 300 nm.