Display devices include waveguides with metasurfaces as in-coupling and/or out-coupling optical elements. The metasurfaces may be formed on a surface of the waveguide and may include a plurality or an array of sub-wavelength-scale (e.g., nanometer-scale) protrusions. Individual protrusions may include horizontal and/or vertical layers of different materials which may have different refractive indices, allowing for enhanced manipulation of light redirecting properties of the metasurface. Some configurations and combinations of materials may advantageously allow for broadband metasurfaces. Manufacturing methods described herein provide for vertical and/or horizontal layers of different materials in a desired configuration or profile.

An optical element includes a light guide plate, an incidence portion, and an emission portion, in which each of the incidence portion and the emission portion includes diffraction portions, the diffraction portion includes diffraction elements, the diffraction element includes a liquid crystal diffraction layer in which a direction of an optical axis of a liquid crystal compound changes while continuously rotating in one in-plane direction, and in a case where the direction in which the direction of the optical axis changes is set as an in-plane rotation direction and a length over which the optical axis rotates by 180° is set as an in-plane period, in-plane rotation directions of liquid crystal diffraction layers of incidence diffraction elements in at least two of a plurality of the incidence diffraction portions are different from each other.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods for controlling etch depth by providing localized heating across a substrate. The method for controlling temperatures across the substrate can include individually controlling a plurality of heating pixels disposed in a dielectric body of a substrate support assembly. The plurality of heating pixels provide temperature distributions on a first surface of the substrate disposed on a support surface of the dielectric body. The temperature distributions correspond to a plurality of portions of at least one grating on a second surface of the substrate to be exposed to an ion beam. Additionally, the temperatures can be controlled by individually controlling light emitting diodes (LEDs) of LED arrays. The substrate is exposed to the ion beam to form a plurality of fins on the at least one grating. The at least one grating has a distribution of depths corresponding to the temperature distributions.

A self-lit display panel includes a photonic integrated circuit payer including an array of waveguides and an array of out-couplers for out-coupling portions of the illuminating light through pixels of the panel. The self-lit display panel may include a transparent electronic circuitry layer backlit by the photonic integrated circuit layer; the two layers may be on a same substrate or on opposed substrates defining a cell filled with an electro-active material. The configuration allows for chief ray engineering, zonal illuminating, and separate illumination with red, green, and blue illuminating light.

According to examples, a system for image generation and delivery in a display device using two-dimensional (2D) field of view (FOV) expander is described. In addition, the system may include a first lens a first lens assembly having a first projector to propagate first display light associated with a first image and a first two-dimensional (2D) expander including a first waveguide for propagating the first display light to a first eye of a user and a second lens assembly having a second projector to propagate second display light associated with a second image and a second two-dimensional (2D) expander having a second waveguide for propagating the second display light to a first eye of a user.

A duplex wideband grating includes a first diffraction element and a second diffraction element. The first diffraction element and the second diffraction element may reside in a single volume or in two separate volumes. The first diffraction element may include a first set of Bragg planes, and the second diffraction element may include a second set of Bragg planes. The first diffraction element may be designed to have a peak diffraction efficiency at a first wavelength, and the second diffraction element may be designed to have a peak diffraction efficiency at a second wavelength different from the first wavelength. The first diffraction element and the second diffraction element may be designed to achieve a same angle of dispersion between wavelengths. The duplex wideband grating may have a broader bandwidth with higher average diffraction efficiency across the broader bandwidth than either the first diffraction element or the second diffraction element.

In some implementations, an optical device includes a two-zone vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) with a set of emission zones configured to emit structured light forming a set of dots; a single-element collimating lens aligned to the two-zone VCSEL; and a tiling diffractive optical element (DOE) aligned to the single-element collimating lens, wherein the tiling DOE comprises a set of tile segments aligned to the set of emission zones, and wherein a tile segment, of the set of tile segments, is configured to project, from the set of emission zones toward portions of a target, the structured light forming the set of dots.

An optical waveguide comprises at least two TIR surface and contains a grating. Input TIR light with a first angular range along a first propagation direction undergoes at least two diffractions at the grating. Each diffraction directs light into a unique TIR angular range along a second propagation direction.

A diffractive optical waveguide is provided, which comprises a waveguide substrate and a coupling-in grating, a coupling-out grating, and a coupling-in end light-return grating formed on the substrate, the coupling-in grating couples an input beam into the waveguide substrate and forms a first beam of light propagating toward the coupling-out grating and a second beam of light not propagating toward the coupling-out grating, the coupling-out grating couples at least a part of the light propagating therein out of the substrate, and the coupling-in end light-return grating diffracts the second beam of light so that it propagates toward the coupling-out grating. A display device having the above diffractive optical waveguide is also disclosed. By providing the coupling-in end light-return grating, optical coupling efficiency of the diffractive optical waveguide is improved, and the energy distribution uniformity of an output field of the diffractive optical waveguide is improved.

A holographic reality system and multiview display monitor a user position and provide virtual haptic feedback to the user. The holographic reality system includes a multiview display configured to display a multiview image, a position sensor configured to monitor the user position, and a virtual haptic feedback unit configured to provide the virtual haptic feedback. An extent of the virtual haptic feedback corresponds to an extent of a virtual control within the multiview image. The holographic reality multiview display includes an array of multiview pixels configured to provide different views of the multiview image by modulating directional light beams having directions corresponding to the different views and an array of multibeam elements configured to provide the directional light beams to corresponding multiview pixels.