An optical scattering layer (10) comprising a birefringent matrix material (11) and a plurality of scattering particles (12) dispersed in the matrix material (11). The scattering particles (12) have a particle refractive index (“np”) that for visible light matches the ordinary refractive index (“no”). By matching the refractive index of the scattering particles with one of the refractive indices of the birefringent matrix material, anisotropic scattering is obtained.

An image display system includes an image acquisition unit which acquires an image, an area setting unit which sets a plurality of viewing areas to which the image is to be assigned according to a direction of the image, an image assignment unit which assigns the image to each of the plurality of viewing areas, an operation determination unit which discriminates an operation in a first viewing area among the plurality of viewing areas each having the image assigned thereto, and a display control unit which displays the image in the first viewing area and the image in a second viewing area other than the first viewing area among the plurality of viewing areas concurrently based on a result of the discrimination by the operation determination unit.

A phase difference film and a circularly polarizing film each achieve suppressed coloration when viewed from the front direction, a smaller difference in tint between views from the front direction and the oblique direction, and suppressed image unevenness, where the film is applied to an image display panel, in particular, an organic EL panel; as well as an image display device including the circularly polarizing film. The phase difference film includes optically anisotropic layers A and B, in which a retardation RthA of layer A in the thickness direction at a wavelength of 550 nm is larger than 0, layer A exhibits predetermined optical properties, a retardation RthB of layer B in the thickness direction at a wavelength of 550 nm is smaller than 0, layer B satisfies predetermined optical properties, and the angle formed between a slow axis of the optically anisotropic layers A and B is 90°±10°.

A display device includes a directional illuminator providing a light beam, a display panel downstream of a directional illuminator, for receiving and spatially modulating the light beam, and a beam redirecting module downstream of the display panel, for variably redirecting the spatially modulated light beam. Steering the illuminating light by the beam redirecting module enables one to steer the exit pupil of the display device to match the user's eye location(s).

An optical apparatus is configured to introduce light from an object to an image pickup element, and includes first, second, and third retardation plates, a polarizer, and a setter. The first retardation plate, the second retardation plate, and the polarizer are arranged in this order from a side of the object to a side of the image pickup element. The slow axis direction or the fast axis direction of the second retardation plate tilts to the slow axis direction or the fast axis direction of the first retardation plate. The setter sets the retardation of the second retardation plate according to the polarization component of the light from the object.

A display device includes a pad portion disposed on a first substrate, a connection member disposed on the pad portion, and an anisotropic conductive layer disposed between the pad portion and the connection member, the anisotropic conductive layer including conductive particles. The pad portion includes a pad, the pad including a first pad electrode and a second pad electrode. A first insulating layer is disposed between the first pad electrode and the second pad electrode. The first insulating layer overlaps the first pad electrode. The second pad electrode is connected to the first pad electrode through a first contact hole. The first contact hole overlaps a center of the first pad electrode. The first pad electrode is at least twice as wide as the first contact hole.

Provided is a phase difference film formed of a resin containing a polymer having crystallizability. The phase difference film has an NZ factor of less than 1 and an in-plane retardation Re that satisfies 125 nm≤Re≤345 nm. The polymer has a crystallization degree of 15% or more. Alternatively, the polymer is an alicyclic structure-containing polymer being a hydrogenated product of a ring-opening polymer of dicyclopentadiene.

Regioselectively substituted cellulose esters having a plurality of pivaloyl substituents and a plurality of aryl-acyl substituents are disclosed along with methods for making the same. Such cellulose esters may be suitable for use in films, such as +A optical films, and/or +C optical films. Optical films prepared employing such cellulose esters have a variety of commercial applications, such as, for example, as compensation films in liquid crystal displays and/or waveplates in creating circular polarized light used in 3-D technology.

An optical film is provided in which a wavelength dispersion characteristic at a wavelength of 400 nm to 800 nm satisfies the following general formula (1):

[00001]$\begin{array}{cc}\frac{\Delta \lambda }{\Delta 550}=a{\lambda }^{-b}& \left(1\right)\end{array}$

wherein a has a value of 1500<a<6600, b has a value of 1.17<b<1.27, Δλ represents a photoelastic coefficient at an arbitrary wavelength λ nm in a range of 400 nm to 800 nm, and Δ550 represents a photoelastic coefficient at a wavelength of 550 nm and which has a thickness of 10 m to 1000 m, can be provided.

An optically anisotropic polymer thin film includes a crystallizable polymer and an additive configured to interact with the polymer (e.g., via π-π interactions) to facilitate chain alignment and, in some examples, create a higher crystalline content within the polymer thin film. The polymer thin film may be characterized by a bimodal molecular weight distribution where the molecular weight of the additive may be less than approximately 50% of the molecular weight of the crystallizable polymer. Example crystallizable polymers include polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, as well as derivatives thereof. Example additives, which may occupy up to approximately 10 wt. % of the polymer thin film, include aromatic ester oligomers, aromatic amide oligomers, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, for example. The optically anisotropic polymer thin film may be characterized by a refractive index greater than approximately 1.7 and an in-plane birefringence greater than approximately 0.2.