A high backscattering optical fiber comprising a perturbed segment in which the perturbed segment reflects a relative power such that the optical fiber has an effective index of n.sub.eff, a numerical aperture of NA, a scatter of R.sub.p.fwdarw.r.sup.(fiber) that varies axially along the optical fiber, a total transmission loss of α.sub.fiber, an in-band range greater than one nanometer (1 nm), and a figure of merit (FOM) in the in-band range. The FOM being defined as: $\mathrm{FOM}=\frac{R_{p.fwdarw.r}^{\left(\mathrm{fiber}\right)}}{{{\alpha }_{\mathrm{fiber}}\left(\frac{\mathrm{NA}}{2n_{\mathrm{eff}}}\right)}^2}.$

The present disclosure discloses an optical device structure including an optical fiber including a core part, a clad part, and a three-dimensional micro hole structure in the clad part, wherein a surface of the three-dimensional micro hole structure is provided with at least a non-flat surface, and a conformal graphene layer is formed on the surface of the three-dimensional micro hole structure, and a method of manufacturing the same.

A light distribution structure 10 and a related element 100, such as a light guide, are provided. The structure 10 is preferably an optically functional layer comprising an at least one feature pattern 11, 11A established in a light-transmitting carrier by a plurality of three-dimensional optical features variable in terms of at least one of the cross-sectional profile, dimensions, periodicity, orientation and disposition thereof within the feature pattern. In some instances, the optical features are embodied as internal optical cavities 12 capable to establish the total internal reflection (TIR) function at a horizontal surface and at an essentially vertical surface thereof. A method for manufacturing the light distribution structure is further provided.

An optical connection identification assembly includes first and second connectors for conveying optical signals within and away from the optical connection identification assembly, first and second optical filters configured for conveying optical signals to and from the respective first and second connectors and between each other, and first and second photodiodes. The first photodiode is configured for receiving optical signals from the first optical filter to confirm the optical connection identification assembly is receiving optical signals. The second photodiode is configured for receiving optical signals from the second optical filter to confirm the optical connection identification assembly is receiving optical signals. The first and the second connectors are on opposite sides of each of the first and the second optical filters and each of the first and the second photodiodes. Multiple optical connection identification assemblies are used in a system to prepare a connectivity map of a fiber optic system.

An optical fiber has corrugations on an outer surface to dissipate a portion of an input light beam, allowing the remaining portion of the light beam to be coupled to the optical fiber. By dissipating the portion of input light, damage to the optical fiber by uncoupled light is reduced.

Multi-clad optical fiber cladding light stripper (CLS) comprising an inner cladding with one or more recessed surface regions to remove light propagating within the inner cladding. A CLS may comprise such recessed surface regions along two or more azimuthal angles about the fiber axis, for example to improve stripping efficiency. One or more dimensions, or spatial distribution, of the recessed surface regions may be randomized, for example to improve stripping uniformity across a multiplicity of modes propagating within a cladding. Adjacent recessed surface regions may abut, for example, end-to-end, as segments of a recess that occupies a majority, or even an entirety, of the length of a fiber surrounded by a heat sink. One or more dimensions, or angular position, of individual ones of the abutted recessed surface regions may vary, according to a regular or irregular pattern.

In one embodiment, a device receives optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) trace samples, each sample labeled with an associated fiber optic cable condition. The device alters the received OTDR trace samples to generate a set of synthetic OTDR trace samples. Each synthetic sample is labeled with the label of the received sample that was altered to generate the synthetic sample. The device trains a machine learning-based classifier using a training dataset that comprises the synthetic OTDR trace samples. The device uses the trained classifier to identify a condition along a particular fiber optic cable based on OTDR trace data obtained from that cable.

Embodiments of the present invention include a system and method for detecting or sensing damage within a target material, as well as related devices. In some embodiments, a damage sensing system including a target material, an optical fiber embedded into the target material, where the optical fiber has an outer surface running the length of the optical fiber, a photosensitive receiver, and a triboluminescent coating coated on the optical fiber.

A method for manufacturing a light distribution structure in the form of an optically functional layer includes at least one three-dimensional feature pattern established in a light-transmitting carrier by a plurality of three-dimensional optical features. The method also includes manufacturing a patterned master tool for the at least one three-dimensional feature pattern by a piezoelectric cutting method selected from a fast tool servo method and a stylus engraving method, or by a laser engraving method, and transferring the at least one three-dimensional feature pattern onto the light-transmitting carrier.

A fiber mode sorter includes an optical fiber including a waveguide structure configured to maintain an orbital angular momentum (OAM) of a beam propagating through the optical fiber, and an OAM mode sorter placed on a core of the optical fiber.