An illumination system generating light having at least one wavelength within 200 nm a plurality of nano-sized structures (e.g., voids). The optical fiber coupled to the light source. The light diffusing optical fiber has a core and a cladding. The plurality of nano-sized structures is situated either within said core or at a core-cladding boundary. The optical fiber also includes an outer surface. The optical fiber is configured to scatter guided light via the nano-sized structures away from the core and through the outer surface, to form a light-source fiber portion having a length that emits substantially uniform radiation over its length, said fiber having a scattering-induced attenuation greater than 50 dB/km for the wavelength(s) within 200 nm to 2000 nm range.

An anti-resonant hollow core optical fiber preform that includes an outer cladding, a plurality of structural tubes, and a central support tube. The outer cladding has a length, a central longitudinal axis, and a hollow interior. The plurality of structural tubes are disposed within the hollow interior of the outer cladding, the plurality of structural tubes each having a length that extends the length of the outer cladding. And the central support tube is disposed within the hollow interior of the outer cladding such that the plurality of structural tubes are disposed radially outward of the central support tube, the central support tube having a length that extends along the central longitudinal axis of the outer cladding. Furthermore, the length of the central support tube is less than the length of the outer cladding.

A method of manufacturing a multicore fiber includes: an initial-preform forming process of forming an initial preform by arranging in an array a plurality of core rods each including a core portion and a cladding portion formed around outer periphery of the core portion; and an optical fiber manufacturing process of manufacturing an optical fiber from the initial preform. Further, the core rods include a plurality of holes, and the core rods are arranged in a manner that one hole is arranged between two core portion adjacent to each other in the initial-preform forming process.

A temperature sensor and temperature sensing system for sensing changes m temperature up to a predetermined temperature is disclosed. The temperature sensor includes a microstructured optical fiber where the micro-structured optical fiber includes a plurality of longitudinal channels extending along the microstructured optical fiber. The sensor also includes a fiber Bragg grating formed in the microstructured optical, fiber by generating a periodic modulation in the refractive index along a core region of the microstructured optical fiber. The fiber Bragg grating is operable to produce band reflection at a reflection wavelength that varies in accordance with changes in temperature at the core region of the optical fiber.

The low magnetic sensitivity PM-PCF based on mechanical buffer is obtained by adding buffer structures in the cladding layer of the photonic crystal fiber. In the center of the fiber, the core region contains at least 3 layers of air-holes, enclosed by the cladding layer. The buffer structures are placed in the cladding layer. These buffer structures are formed by replacing silica of any shape by air, and are symmetrically located in X-axis and Y-axis directions to achieve mechanical isotropy. The buffer structures improve the fiber's performance in fiber coiling and stress conditions. Therefore, the fiber optic gyroscope using the PM-PCF can do without a magnetic shield, thus greatly reducing the weight of the fiber optic gyroscope and extending the scope of its application. Compared with the conventional commercial PCF, the PM-PCF provides the fiber optic gyroscope with lower temperature sensitivity and improved accuracy.

A mounted hollow-core fiber arrangement includes a hollow-core fiber having a microstructure, and a mount arrangement including a plurality of mounting contacts configured to apply a force to an outer layer of the hollow-core fiber. A portion of the hollow-core fiber is located in a receiving region of the mount arrangement. The plurality of mounting contacts are positioned around the receiving region. The mounting contacts are distributed around the receiving region, the distribution of the mounting contacts corresponding to a distribution of features of the microstructure of the hollow-core fiber. The mounted hollow core fiber can be used in a radiation source apparatus for providing broadband radiation.

Described are optical fibers and scanning fiber displays comprising optical fibers. The disclosed optical fibers include a plurality of mass adjustment regions, such as gas-filled regions, positioned between a central waveguiding element and an outer periphery for reducing a mass of the optical fiber as compared to an optical fiber lacking the plurality of mass adjustment regions.

Disclosed is a Chinese knot-like porous fiber core ultra-high birefringence THz optical fiber. The optical fiber comprises a substrate, claddings and fiber cores, wherein the claddings and the fiber cores are arranged in the substrate, and the fiber cores are embedded in the centers of the claddings; and the fiber core comprises a first fiber core region, a second fiber core region and a third fiber core region, the center of the first fiber core region 4 serves as the origin of coordinates, and the first fiber core region 4 is composed of six regular hexagon units with overlapped boundaries in the x-axis direction. In the present disclosure, the fiber core comprises a first fiber core region, a second fiber core region and a third fiber core region, and the three regions jointly form a fiber core region of a Chinese knot-like porous fiber core.

A microstructured optical fiber sensor for sensing changes in a physical characteristic up to a predetermined temperature is disclosed. The sensor includes a microstructured optical fiber and a fiber Bragg grating formed in the microstructured optical fiber by generating a periodic modulation in the refractive index along a core region of the suspended core. The fiber Bragg grating is configured to produce a band reflection spectra including a fundamental mode and a plurality of higher order modes whose respective wavelengths vary in accordance with changes in the physical characteristic at the core region of the microstructured optical fiber. The microstructured optical fiber is configured to increase the confinement loss of the plurality of higher order modes of the band reflection spectra relative to the fundamental mode.

A terahertz hollow core waveguide includes several successively cascaded waveguide units, and the waveguide units includes fiber core and cladding. The fiber core is composed of air, and the cladding is composed of dielectric rings, air rings, support strips, and an outer cladding. The medium rings and the air rings are successively surrounded on the outside of the fiber core, and the outer cladding is surrounded on the outside of the outermost air ring. All support strips in the same air ring of the same waveguide unit form a support strip group, and the support strips in the support strip group are arranged along the circumferential direction to connect two adjacent dielectric rings in the same waveguide unit or to connect the outermost dielectric ring and the outer cladding in the same waveguide unit.