An embodiment is an optical connection element including a first waveguide core and a second waveguide core on a substrate, the first waveguide core and the second waveguide core configured to propagate a signal light and a resin-curing light, and a mode field conversion portion provided at one end of the first waveguide core, wherein the second waveguide core covers at least the mode field conversion portion on the substrate, and a refractive index of the first waveguide core is higher than a refractive index of the second waveguide core.

Phase-change metasurface waveguide mode converters and photonic computing systems including a phase-change metasurface waveguide mode converter are described. In an embodiment, the phase-change metasurface waveguide mode converter include a plurality of phase-change antennae comprising a phase-change material and protruding from a surface, wherein each phase-change antenna of the plurality of phase-change antennae is configured to scatter an optical waveguide mode and cause a phase shift of light travelling through an optical waveguide optically coupled thereto. In an embodiment, the phase-change metasurface waveguide mode converter includes the plurality of phase-change antennae configured to alternate between a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase.

An electro-optical chip includes an optical input port, an optical output port, and an optical waveguide having a first end optically connected to the optical input port and a second end optically connected to the optical output port. The optical waveguide includes one or more segments. Different segments of the optical waveguide extends in either a horizontal direction, a vertical direction, a direction between horizontal and vertical, or a curved direction. The electro-optical chip also includes a plurality of optical microring resonators is positioned along at least one segment of the optical waveguide. Each microring resonator of the plurality of optical microring resonators is optically coupled to a different location along the optical waveguide. The electro-optical chip also includes electronic circuitry for controlling a resonant wavelength of each microring resonator of the plurality of optical microring resonators.

An electro-optical chip includes an optical input port, an optical output port, and an optical waveguide having a first end optically connected to the optical input port and a second end optically connected to the optical output port. The optical waveguide includes one or more segments. Different segments of the optical waveguide extends in either a horizontal direction, a vertical direction, a direction between horizontal and vertical, or a curved direction. The electro-optical chip also includes a plurality of optical microring resonators is positioned along at least one segment of the optical waveguide. Each microring resonator of the plurality of optical microring resonators is optically coupled to a different location along the optical waveguide. The electro-optical chip also includes electronic circuitry for controlling a resonant wavelength of each microring resonator of the plurality of optical microring resonators.

The present invention discloses a directional photonic coupler (1) with independent tuning of the coupling factor and phase difference. The coupler comprises: two waveguides (4, 5), with respective propagation constants “β.sub.1, β.sub.2”, on which phase shifters (6, 7) configured to modify the propagation coefficients are located. Both phase shifters are configured such that, by independent modification (differential or unique) of the propagation coefficients, the power coupling factor (K) between an input signal (2a or 2b) and the output signals (3b and 3a) is tuned, and by equal and simultaneous modification of the propagation coefficients, the common phase difference of the optical output signals (3 a, 3b) is tuned. A third phase shifter (15) can be used to retune the phase difference at the input/output of one of the waveguides. The coupler is of particular interest in PIC circuits, coupled resonators, Mach-Zehnder interferometers and mesh structures.

An integrated optical beam steering device includes a planar Luneburg lens that collimates beams from different inputs in different directions within the lens plane. It also includes a curved (e.g., semi-circular or arced) grating coupler that diffracts the collimated beams out of the lens plane. The beams can be steered in the plane by controlling the direction along which the lens is illuminated and out of the plane by varying the beam wavelength. Unlike other beam steering devices, this device can operate over an extremely wide field of view—up to 180°—without any aberrations off boresight. In other words, the beam quality is uniform in all directions, unlike with aplanatic lenses, thanks to the circular symmetry of the planar Luneburg lens, which may be composed of subwavelength features. The lens is also robust to misalignment and fabrication imperfections and can be made using standard CMOS processes.

An integrated optical beam steering device includes a planar Luneburg lens that collimates beams from different inputs in different directions within the lens plane. It also includes a curved (e.g., semi-circular or arced) grating coupler that diffracts the collimated beams out of the lens plane. The beams can be steered in the plane by controlling the direction along which the lens is illuminated and out of the plane by varying the beam wavelength. Unlike other beam steering devices, this device can operate over an extremely wide field of view—up to 180°—without any aberrations off boresight. In other words, the beam quality is uniform in all directions, unlike with aplanatic lenses, thanks to the circular symmetry of the planar Luneburg lens, which may be composed of subwavelength features. The lens is also robust to misalignment and fabrication imperfections and can be made using standard CMOS processes.

Provided is a photoelectric detector, comprising: a silicon layer (110), the silicon layer (110) comprising a first-doping-type doped region (111); a germanium layer (120) in contact with the silicon layer (110), the germanium layer (120) comprising a second-doping-type doped region (121); and a silicon nitride waveguide (130), the silicon nitride waveguide (130) being arranged surrounding the germanium layer (120) along the extension directions of at least three side walls of the germanium layer (120), wherein the silicon nitride waveguide (130) is used for transmitting an optical signal and coupling the optical signal to the germanium layer (120), and the germanium layer (120) is used for detecting the optical signal and converting the optical signal into an electrical signal.

A device for combining several light beams, the device including several hollow input waveguides, at least one per light beam, as well as a hollow output waveguide which is the same for the different light beams, each input waveguide having an input opening to let the corresponding light beam enter, and, at the opposite, an output opening through which it emerges in the output waveguide, the output waveguide, as well as each input waveguide being laterally delimited by one or more metallic reflecting surfaces, and wherein at least a section of the output waveguide is divergent and widens in the direction of an output opening of the output waveguide.

The present disclosure relates to semiconductor structures and, more particularly, to non-planar waveguide structures and methods of manufacture. The structure includes: a first waveguide structure; and a non-planar waveguide structure spatially shifted from the first waveguide structure and separated from the first waveguide structure by an insulator material.