A light coupling unit for use in an optical connector includes a waveguide alignment member that receives and aligns at least one optical waveguide. The light coupling unit includes a light redirecting member that has an input surface configured to receive input light from the end face of the optical wave guide. A curved reflective surface of the light redirecting member receives light from the input surface propagating along an input axis and redirects the light such that the redirected light propagates along a different redirected axis. An output surface of the light redirecting member receives the redirected light and transmits the redirected light as output light propagating along an output axis and exiting the light redirecting member. A curved intersection of the curved reflective surface and a first plane formed by the input and redirected axes has a radius of curvature. The curved reflective surface has an axis of revolution disposed in the first plane. The axis of revolution forms a first angle with the redirected axis which is non-zero. The waveguide alignment member is configured such that the end face of the optical wave guide is positioned at a location that is not a geometric focus of the curved reflective surface.

An optical fiber connector has a lens component and a fiber component. The lens component has at least one lens and an opening with at least one V-groove therein. The at least one lens is associated with the at least one V-groove. The fiber component is configured to be partially inserted into the lens component and has at least one bare fiber flexible retention feature configured to retain a fiber of a fiber optic cable within the at least one V-groove and also to align the fiber with the lens.

A rod-type photonic crystal fiber amplifier includes a signal coupling lens, a first dichroic mirror, a first hollow pump coupling lens, and a rod-type photonic crystal fiber. The rod-type photonic crystal fiber comprises a core and a cladding, wherein signal light is coupled into the core of the rod-type photonic crystal fiber through the signal coupling lens, and pump light is coupled into the cladding of the rod fiber through the hollow pump coupling lens. The structure optimizes the coupling between the signal light and the core of the rod-type photonic crystal fiber, and the coupling between the pump light and the cladding of the rod fiber respectively by introducing the hollow pump coupling lens. The purpose of this is to fully optimize the rod-type photonic crystal fiber amplifier, improve the amplification efficiency and improve the efficiency of a manufacturing process.

A connector for connecting a circuit board to a mating connector includes a connector housing, a lens unit and a receiving unit. The connector housing has a receiving chamber and is connectable to a mating connector housing of the mating connector. The lens unit is disposed in the receiving chamber and is light-conductively connectable to a transmitter/receiver unit disposed on the circuit board and to at least one optical waveguide of the mating connector. The securing unit has two mounting arms and a securing portion connecting the mounting arms, the securing unit being releasably connected via the mounting arms at two opposite side walls of the connector housing, and the securing portion securing the lens unit in place within the receiving chamber.

An optical circuit switch including a two-dimensional fiber collimator includes a hole plate to hold and align a plurality of optical fibers. Fiber pathways within the hole plate can be formed using a femtosecond laser irradiation chemical etching (FLICE) technique. The use of the FLICE technique allows for extremely precise channels to be formed which allows for fibers to be aligned more closely with their intended alignment. The technique also allows for the channels or fiber pathways to be formed in a thicker material, which allows for greater structural support and robustness of the fiber collimator in use.

An expanded beam connector has a MOST ferrule; a fiber to be retained within the MOST ferrule; and, a collimating lens abutting the fiber for expanding the optical beam of the fiber wherein the lens and fiber are in alignment to a common optic axis. In one embodiment, the collimating lens can have a conical cutout configured to aid in aligning the fiber to the common optic axis. In another embodiment, the collimating lens can have a semi-cylindrical tab protruding from the rear with a V-groove configured to interact with a flexible feature on the interior of the ferrule to align the fiber to the common optic axis.

An optical fiber connector has a lens component and a fiber component. The lens component has at least one lens and an opening with at least one V-groove therein. The at least one lens is associated with the at least one V-groove. The fiber component is configured to be partially inserted into the lens component and has at least one bare fiber flexible retention feature configured to retain a fiber of a fiber optic cable within the at least one V-groove and also to align the fiber with the lens.

Various techniques are provided for manufacturing an optical connector. In one example, a technique may include applying an optical adhesive to a first end of the optical fiber, translating the optical fiber towards a lens to at least partially adhere the end of the optical fiber to the lens by the optical adhesive, and suspending the lens from the optical fiber to align a center of gravity of the lens with an optical path of the optical fiber to maintain optical beam power loss below a power loss threshold. Additional methods, systems, and apparatus are also provided.

Systems and methods are providing for endoscopically visualizing tissue within a patient. In one aspect, an endoscope comprises an elongate shaft having a distal end and a proximal end and a visualization section at the distal end of the shaft. The visualization section includes a proximal surface and an outer surface spaced apart from the proximal surface. At least one of the proximal surface or the outer surface of the visualization section has an average surface roughness less than about 50 nanometers RMS. The endoscope allows improved remote visualization while not interfering with the autofocus feature of a video capture system and not causing increased light reflectance and glare due to improved surface finish.

A light coupling unit for use in an optical connector includes a waveguide alignment member that receives and aligns at least one optical waveguide. The light coupling unit includes a light redirecting member that has an input surface configured to receive input light from the end face of the optical wave guide. A curved reflective surface of the light redirecting member receives light from the input surface propagating along an input axis and redirects the light such that the redirected light propagates along a different redirected axis. An output surface of the light redirecting member receives the redirected light and transmits the redirected light as output light propagating along an output axis and exiting the light redirecting member. A curved intersection of the curved reflective surface and a first plane formed by the input and redirected axes has a radius of curvature. The curved reflective surface has an axis of revolution disposed in the first plane. The axis of revolution forms a first angle with the redirected axis which is non-zero. The waveguide alignment member is configured such that the end face of the optical wave guide is positioned at a location that is not a geometric focus of the curved reflective surface.