A gaze tracking platform for human-machine interface device, such as a wearable Augmented Reality Near-to-Eye Display. The gaze tracking method, digital illumination assisted analog feedback tracking employs neither auxiliary camera nor digital image processing of human eye image that confronts challenges in gaze tracking speed, power, cost and space. Instead, an analog-digital hybrid method to track the gaze inspired by the groove tracking method that is widely adopted for optical data storage systems. In the method, a digital micromirror device generates angular modulated and infrared illuminating beam. The cornea reflects the infrared light and a segmented photodiode detects the reflection while providing a feedback servo signal to the digital micromirror device controller. The feedback signal is integrated over a time provides the variation gaze. Moreover, infrared and angularly modulated illumination is time-multiplexed with information displayed in visible wavelength. In this manner, single display device is dual used for information display and gaze tracking that benefits especially augmented reality devices in terms of achieving small device form factor.

In one aspect, an optical system is disclosed. In some embodiments, the optical system includes an optical waveguide, and at least two coupling means forming at least one confocal point being located within the optical waveguide, where a first coupling means of the at least two coupling means has a first focal length, and a second coupling means of the at least two coupling means has a second focal length. In some examples, the first coupling means is configured to couple and/or focus incident light to the optical waveguide, and the second coupling means is configured to emit and/or collimate light conveyed by the optical waveguide.

In one embodiment, the optoelectronic component comprises a first emission zone, which emits electromagnetic radiation during operation. Furthermore, the component comprises an optical waveguide with an entrance side facing the first emission zone, a distribution element and with output coupling structures on a side of the distribution element facing away from the first emission zone. The optical waveguide is a simply connected solid body. In a top view of the side of the optical waveguide facing away from the first emission zone, the distribution element completely covers the first emission zone. The output coupling structures are individual, spaced-apart elevations, each of which extends away from the distribution element and comprises an output coupling surface at an end facing away from the distribution element. A structure that is nontransmissive to the radiation of the first emission zone is arranged on the optical waveguide in the region between the output coupling structures.

An optical telescope may include an array of optical lenslets in a common plane, and optical waveguides extending from respective optical lenslets and each having a common optical path delay. Further, at least one optical star coupler may be downstream from the optical waveguides, and an optical detector may be downstream from the at least one optical star coupler and having an optical image formed thereon.

Disclosed herein is a method for measuring temperature via distributed temperature sensing comprising transmitting light through a fiber optic cable; detecting backscattered light in the fiber optic cable, wherein the backscattered light comprises an anti-Stokes band and a Stokes band; calculating a ratio between an intensity of the anti-Stokes band and an intensity of the Stokes band; and using the calculated ratio to determine a temperature being sensed in the fiber optic cable; wherein the fiber optic cable comprises, from the center to the periphery; a central core having a refractive index that decreases progressively from a center of the central core to an edge of the core, wherein the refractive index follows an alpha profile; wherein a bandwidth-length product of the multimode optical fiber has a value greater than 2000 MHz-km at 1550 nm.

An aerosol-generating system, aerosol-generating device, and aerosol-generating article are provided. The device includes an optical light source extending in a cavity. The aerosol-generating device includes an optical reader system configured to read the at least one indicium upon illumination of an authentication portion of an aerosol-generating article from inside the consumable segment. The aerosol-generating device includes a control unit configured to authenticate the article upon reading of the indicium. The aerosol-generating article includes a consumable segment that includes a charge of aerosol-generating material and a mouthpiece segment attached at a first end of the consumable segment. At least one indicium is arranged in at least an authentication portion of the aerosol-generating article, the authentication portion being at least partially transparent to light having a wavelength of between 200 nm and 10 μm, such that the indicium is readable with an optical reader system upon illumination with light from inside consumable portion.

The present disclosure relates to a light guiding assembly for light exposure of the interior of medical tubes, e.g. for disinfecting said tubes using ultraviolet-C (UVC) light. The light guiding assembly preferably comprises a coupling element, which in the proximal end is connectable to a light source assembly and in the distal end is connectable to a light guiding element. Said light guiding element preferably comprises a liquid filled polymer tube, a distal closure at the distal end of said tube, and a proximal closure comprising a gasket with overflow functionality at the proximal end of said tube. The present disclosure further relates to a method for filling said light guiding assembly.

Provided is a light detecting device including a light input device configured to receive light, a plurality of waveguides extending from the light input device, the plurality of waveguides being configured to transmit portions of the light received by the light input device, respectively, a plurality of modulators provided on the plurality of waveguides and configured to modulate phases of the portions of light transmitted in the plurality of waveguides, respectively, at least one graphene layer configured to absorb the portions of light transmitted in the plurality of waveguides, and at least one first electrode and at least one second electrode electrically connected to the at least one graphene layer, respectively.

The present disclosure provides a position detection device. The position detection device includes a movable unit, a light source unit and a color sensor. The movable unit can move along a moving direction and include one or more colored portions. The light source unit irradiates the colored portions with a light. The color sensor receives a reflected light reflected by the colored portions and detecting a color component.

Structures including an edge coupler and methods of forming a structure including an edge coupler. The structure includes a waveguide core over a dielectric layer and a back-end-of-line stack over the dielectric layer and the waveguide core. The back-end-of-line stack includes a side edge and a truncated layer that is overlapped with a tapered section of the waveguide core. The truncated layer has a first end surface adjacent to the side edge and a second end surface above the tapered section of the waveguide core. The truncated layer is tapered from the first end surface to the second end surface.