A method of forming a color-changing fiber that can be incorporated into fabrics and other woven materials. The color changing fibers include an annular wall and a conductive wire axially extending through the annular wall, a core strand surrounded by the annular wall and extending axially through a central portion of the fiber, and an encapsulated electro-optic medium disposed on a surface of the core strand.

In some examples, a microstructured fiber comprises a cladding material surrounding at least one core material, wherein the at least one core material comprises an array of discrete devices contacted in parallel. A method of producing a microstructured fiber may include 3D-printing a fiber preform, thermally drawing the fiber preform into a fiber that preserves the cross-sectional geometry of the fiber preform, and axially patterning the fiber into a microstructured fiber comprising an array of discrete devices contacted in parallel. In some embodiments, microstructured fibers may be integrated into a sensory textile that includes at least one of an electrooptic portion, a sonar portion, a magnetic gradiometer portion, and a piezogenerating portion. In some embodiments, microstructured fibers may be formed into an in-fiber integrated quantum device circuit or an in-fiber ion trap.

A method of processing by controlling one or more beam characteristics of an optical beam may include: launching the optical beam into a first length of fiber having a first refractive-index profile (RIP); coupling the optical beam from the first length of fiber into a second length of fiber having a second RIP and one or more confinement regions; modifying the one or more beam characteristics of the optical beam in the first length of fiber, in the second length of fiber, or in the first and second lengths of fiber; confining the modified one or more beam characteristics of the optical beam within the one or more confinement regions of the second length of fiber; and/or generating an output beam, having the modified one or more beam characteristics of the optical beam, from the second length of fiber. The first RIP may differ from the second RIP.

An electronic device may have a display, a display cover layer, and a sheet-packed coherent fiber bundle. The coherent fiber bundle may have an input surface that receives an image from the display and a corresponding output surface to which the image is transported. The coherent fiber bundle may be placed between the display and the display cover layer and mounted to a housing. The coherent fiber bundle may have fiber cores with bends that help conceal the housing from view and make the display appear borderless. The coherent fiber bundle has filaments formed from elongated strands of binder in which multiple fiber cores are embedded. Sheets of filaments are stacked and fused together to form the coherent fiber bundle. By aligning and fusing the sheets with respect to each other the filaments are packed with a desired density and uniformity.

A method of forming a color-changing fiber that can be incorporated into fabrics and other woven materials. The color changing fibers include an annular wall and a conductive wire axially extending through the annular wall, a core strand surrounded by the annular wall and extending axially through a central portion of the fiber, and an encapsulated electro-optic medium disposed on a surface of the core strand.

An optical modulator includes: an optical modulation element that is configured to generate two modulated light beams, each of which is modulated by two sets of electrical signals, and that includes a plurality of signal electrodes; a plurality of signal input terminals, each of which inputs an electrical signal; a relay substrate on which a plurality of signal conductor patterns and a plurality of ground conductor patterns are formed, the relay substrate being configured to propagate the two sets of electrical signals by two pairs of the adjacent signal conductor patterns; and a housing, in which the at least two signal conductor patterns including at least one parts mounting part including electrical circuit elements are configured such that first signal propagation directions, which are signal propagation directions at the parts mounting parts, are different from each other.

A method of forming a color-changing fiber that can be incorporated into fabrics and other woven materials. The color changing fibers include an annular wall and a conductive wire axially extending through the annular wall, a core strand surrounded by the annular wall and extending axially through a central portion of the fiber, and an encapsulated electro-optic medium disposed on a surface of the core strand.

Various examples are provided related to adaptive photonic radio frequency (RF) spectral shapers. In one example, a RF spectral shaper includes processing circuitry that can generate finite impulse response (FIR) parameters based upon a target RF spectral response; an optical wave shaper that can generate a shaped interleaved comb carrier from a broadband optical signal based upon the FIR parameters; an electro-optic modulator (EOM) that can modulate an RF signal onto the shaped interleaved comb carrier to generate a modulated optical comb carrier; and a photodetector that can convert the modulated optical comb carrier back to an RF output signal. In another example, a method includes generating FIR parameters based upon a target RF spectral response; generating a shaped interleaved comb carrier from a broadband optical signal based upon the FIR parameters; and generating a modulated optical comb carrier by modulating an RF signal onto the shaped interleaved comb carrier.

A method and an apparatus for digitally and automatically controlling a bias voltage of an electro-optic optical modulator are disclosed. The method includes: outputting a scanning bias voltage; acquiring a first optical signal; converting the first optical signal into a first electrical signal; outputting a first direct current signal; calculating an operating bias voltage at each operating point and a half-wave voltage; calculating an error feedback coefficient and a dither amplitude; outputting an operating bias voltage and a dither signal with the dither amplitude; acquiring a second optical signal; converting the second optical signal into a second electrical signal; outputting a harmonic component; calculating a harmonic amplitude and a shift phase; calculating a new bias voltage; and using the new bias voltage as the operating bias voltage.

An optical device includes a first structure body with a first surface, a second structure body with a second surface facing the first surface, one or more optical guide regions positioned between the first surface of the first structure body and the second surface of the second structure body, the one or more optical guide regions including a liquid crystal material, and a first alignment film disposed on the first surface and aligning the liquid crystal material, the first alignment film being a rubbing alignment film, wherein the optical device further includes a second alignment film that is an optical alignment film formed by irradiation with polarized light.