An optical device includes a thin film Lithium Niobate (LN) layer, a first optical waveguide, and a second optical waveguide. The thin film LN layer is an X-cut or a Y-cut LN layer. The first optical waveguide is an optical waveguide that is formed on the thin film LN layer along a direction that is substantially perpendicular to a Z direction of a crystal axis of the thin film LN layer. The second optical waveguide is an optical waveguide that is routed and connected to the first optical waveguide. At least a part of a core of the first optical waveguide is made thicker than a core of the second optical waveguide.

An optical waveguide element includes a substrate and an optical waveguide that is disposed on the substrate. The optical waveguide has an effective refractive index change portion in which an effective refractive index of the optical waveguide related to a fundamental mode A parallel to a plane of polarization of a light wave propagated through the optical waveguide changes according to propagation of the light wave. In the effective refractive index change portion, a cross-sectional shape of the optical waveguide which is perpendicular to a propagation direction of the light wave is set such that the effective refractive index of the optical waveguide related to the fundamental mode A is higher than an effective refractive index of the optical waveguide related to another fundamental mode B perpendicular to the fundamental mode A.

An optical device includes a plurality of first Si waveguides that split and output an optical signal received from an input unit, plurality of LN waveguides that are included in a LN modulator and that transmit the optical signals that are split and output by the first Si waveguides, and a plurality of second Si waveguides that multiplex and output the associated optical signals that are output from the plurality of respective LN waveguides. The device includes an output unit that outputs the optical signal multiplexed by the second Si waveguides, and a plurality of Mach-Zehnder interferometers disposed on each of waveguides connected by the first Si waveguides, the LN waveguides, and the second Si waveguides, respectively. When there are differences among waveguide lengths of the LN waveguides, the device is configured such that the optical path lengths of the waveguides for the respective Mach-Zehnder interferometers are equalized.

An optical waveguide component, a preparation method therefor, and an electro-optic modulator are disclosed. The optical waveguide component includes an insulating substrate, a waveguide core, at least two electrodes, and a cladding layer. The at least two electrodes and the waveguide core are all disposed on the insulating substrate, the at least two electrodes are distributed on two sides of the waveguide core, and the cladding layer covers at least a part of an outer wall of the waveguide core. The waveguide core includes an electro-optic material having an electro-optic effect. A refractive index of the insulating substrate is less than a refractive index of the waveguide core. A refractive index of the cladding layer is greater than the refractive index of the waveguide core.

An electro-holographic light field generator device is disclosed. The light field generator device has an optical substrate with a waveguide face and an exit face. One or more surface acoustic wave (SAW) optical modulator devices are included within each light field generator device. The SAW devices each include a light input, a waveguide, and a SAW transducer, all configured for guided mode confinement of input light within the waveguide. A leaky mode deflection of a portion of the waveguided light, or diffractive light, impinges upon the exit face. Multiple output optics at the exit face are configured for developing from each of the output optics a radiated exit light from the diffracted light for at least one of the waveguides. An RF controller is configured to control the SAW devices to develop the radiated exit light as a three-dimensional output light field with horizontal parallax and compatible with observer vertical motion.

An electro-optical intensity modulation apparatus has a non-linear optical substrate and electrodes. The non-linear optical substrate is provided with a first branch waveguide, a second branch waveguide, a first channel waveguide and a second channel waveguide thereon. The first channel waveguide and the second channel waveguide are disposed between the first branch waveguide and the second branch waveguide, and the first channel waveguide and the second channel waveguide are branched from the first branch waveguide and converged at the second branch waveguide. The electrodes are disposed on an area between the first branch waveguide and the second branch waveguide to make the first channel waveguide, the second channel waveguide and the electrodes form a radio frequency conversion push-pull electro-optic phase modulation unit, a push-pull electro-optic bias control unit, two sets of independent polarization rotation control units and a dual-channel relative light intensity ratio adjustment unit, which are sequentially connected.

An electro-optical intensity modulation apparatus has a non-linear optical substrate and electrodes. The non-linear optical substrate is provided with a first branch waveguide, a second branch waveguide, a first channel waveguide and a second channel waveguide thereon. The first channel waveguide and the second channel waveguide are disposed between the first branch waveguide and the second branch waveguide, and the first channel waveguide and the second channel waveguide are branched from the first branch waveguide and converged at the second branch waveguide. The electrodes are disposed on an area between the first branch waveguide and the second branch waveguide to make the first channel waveguide, the second channel waveguide and the electrodes form a radio frequency conversion push-pull electro-optic phase modulation unit, a push-pull electro-optic bias control unit, two sets of independent polarization rotation control units and a dual-channel relative light intensity ratio adjustment unit, which are sequentially connected.

An optical waveguide element includes a substrate and an optical waveguide that is disposed on the substrate. The optical waveguide has an effective refractive index change portion in which an effective refractive index of the optical waveguide related to a fundamental mode A parallel to a plane of polarization of a light wave propagated through the optical waveguide changes according to propagation of the light wave. In the effective refractive index change portion, a cross-sectional shape of the optical waveguide which is perpendicular to a propagation direction of the light wave is set such that the effective refractive index of the optical waveguide related to the fundamental mode A is higher than an effective refractive index of the optical waveguide related to another fundamental mode B perpendicular to the fundamental mode A.

A test apparatus and a method for operating a data processing system to generate a test signal for testing a DUT are disclosed. The apparatus includes a signal generator, artificial neural network, and controller. The signal generator generates a test signal determined by a plurality of signal generator input parameters, X, that are coupled thereto. The test signal is characterized by a plurality of calculated parameters, Y. The artificial neural network has the calculated parameters as inputs and a plurality of outputs connected to the plurality of signal generator inputs. The controller receives desired values for the calculated parameters and couples those desired values to the neural network inputs, thereby causing the test signal generator to generate a test signal having the desired values for the calculated parameters.

Optical polarization control devices that include two pairs of squeezing plates oriented in mutually perpendicular directions are described. Compressive forces exerted by the two pairs of plates onto an optical fiber can be configured for low polarization mode dispersion. Various methods and systems in which the polarization control devices can be employed are also described.