A multilayer film includes a single-crystal silicon layer, a first layer containing Zr, a second layer containing ZrO.sub.2, and a third layer containing a perovskite oxide having an electrooptic effect. The first layer, the second layer, and the third layer are provided in this order above the single-crystal silicon layer, and the multilayer film is transparent to a wavelength to be used.

A multilayer film includes a single-crystal silicon layer, a first layer containing Zr, a second layer containing ZrO.sub.2, and a third layer containing a perovskite oxide having an electrooptic effect. The first layer, the second layer, and the third layer are provided in this order above the single-crystal silicon layer, and the multilayer film is transparent to a wavelength to be used.

A waveguide component includes a waveguide, which is at least partially transparent or translucent with respect to light and is set up in such a way that light can be conducted at least partially through the waveguide. The waveguide includes a waveguide core, a first casing region, and a second casing region. The waveguide core is formed from one or more spatially separated elements of at least one waveguide core material. The first casing region, which includes at least one electro-optical material, interacts with light guided in the waveguide. The first casing region is disposed around the one or more elements of the waveguide core. The second casing region includes at least one dielectric material. The second casing region is arranged around the first casing region and/or the waveguide core. The waveguide component further includes at least two line regions that are at least partially electrically conductive.

A waveguide component includes a waveguide, which is at least partially transparent or translucent with respect to light and is set up in such a way that light can be conducted at least partially through the waveguide. The waveguide includes a waveguide core, a first casing region, and a second casing region. The waveguide core is formed from one or more spatially separated elements of at least one waveguide core material. The first casing region, which includes at least one electro-optical material, interacts with light guided in the waveguide. The first casing region is disposed around the one or more elements of the waveguide core. The second casing region includes at least one dielectric material. The second casing region is arranged around the first casing region and/or the waveguide core. The waveguide component further includes at least two line regions that are at least partially electrically conductive.

A polymer modulator including a waveguide core defined over an insulating layer and having a first passive region including a light input, a second passive region including a light output, and an active region optically coupling the passive regions into a continuous waveguide core between the input and output. The waveguide core in the first and second passive regions including one of sol-gel and SiO.sub.2 surrounded by cladding including one of sol-gel and SiO.sub.2. The cladding in the passive regions having a first refractive index, the waveguide core in both regions having a second refractive index at least 0.01 higher than the first refractive index. The waveguide core in the active region including sol-gel, a cladding layer of sol-gel positioned between the insulating layer and the waveguide core, the refractive index of the waveguide core is at least 0.01 higher than the refractive index of the cladding layer.

A polymer modulator including a waveguide core defined over an insulating layer and having a first passive region including a light input, a second passive region including a light output, and an active region optically coupling the passive regions into a continuous waveguide core between the input and output. The waveguide core in the first and second passive regions including one of sol-gel and SiO.sub.2 surrounded by cladding including one of sol-gel and SiO.sub.2. The cladding in the passive regions having a first refractive index, the waveguide core in both regions having a second refractive index at least 0.01 higher than the first refractive index. The waveguide core in the active region including sol-gel, a cladding layer of sol-gel positioned between the insulating layer and the waveguide core, the refractive index of the waveguide core is at least 0.01 higher than the refractive index of the cladding layer.

Examples include a device including a nanovoided polymer element having a first surface and a second surface, a first plurality of electrodes disposed on the first surface, a second plurality of electrodes disposed on the second surface, and a control circuit configured to apply an electrical potential between one or more of the first plurality of electrodes and one or more of the second plurality of electrodes to induce a physical deformation of the nanovoided polymer element.

Examples include a device including a nanovoided polymer element having a first surface and a second surface, a first plurality of electrodes disposed on the first surface, a second plurality of electrodes disposed on the second surface, and a control circuit configured to apply an electrical potential between one or more of the first plurality of electrodes and one or more of the second plurality of electrodes to induce a physical deformation of the nanovoided polymer element.

Disclosed is a polymeric waveguide for propagating light therein along width and length dimensions of the polymeric waveguide. The polymeric waveguide has a first curved surface on one side thereof and a second curved surface on an opposite second side thereof, and a refractive index spatially varying through a thickness thereof between the first curved surface and the second curved surface. The polymeric waveguide is curved in a cross-section comprising at least one of the width and length dimensions.

Disclosed is a polymeric waveguide for propagating light therein along width and length dimensions of the polymeric waveguide. The polymeric waveguide has a first curved surface on one side thereof and a second curved surface on an opposite second side thereof, and a refractive index spatially varying through a thickness thereof between the first curved surface and the second curved surface. The polymeric waveguide is curved in a cross-section comprising at least one of the width and length dimensions.