An atomic interferometer includes: an optical system including an optical modulating device that includes: an optical fiber for a first laser beam to propagate therein; and a frequency shifter connected to the optical fiber and configured to shift the frequency of the first laser beam, the optical system being configured to generate a moving standing light wave from counter-propagation of the first laser beam from the optical modulating device and a second laser beam; and an interference system for making an atomic beam interact with three or more moving standing light waves including the moving standing light wave.

Disclosed are an integrated optical assembly structure with an isolator and a processing method therefor. The structure comprises a front metal cover, a ceramic sleeve, a pressing block, a ceramic plug core and an isolator chip, wherein the ceramic sleeve is disposed inside the front metal cover; one end of the ceramic plug core is disposed inside the ceramic sleeve and the other end thereof is fixed in the pressing block; the pressing block has a plug core positioning hole and a chip accommodating hole; the chip accommodating hole has at least two positioning corners; and the isolator chip having magnetism itself is installed in the chip accommodating hole and is positioned and fixed via the positioning corners.

A bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet single crystal suitable for Faraday rotators and optical isolators with reduced insertion loss due to suppressed valence fluctuation of Fe ions is provided. The bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet single crystal of the present invention is characterized by the composition formula (Tb.sub.aLn.sub.bBi.sub.cMg.sub.3−(a+b+c))(Fe.sub.dGa.sub.eTi.sub.fPt.sub.5−(d+e+f))O.sub.12. In the composition formula above, 0.02≤f≤0.05, 0.02≤{3−(a+b+c)}≤0.08, and −0.01≤{3−(a+b+c)}−{f+5−(d+e+f)}≤0.01. Ln is a rare earth element and may be selected from Eu, Gd, Ho, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Y.

An optical isolator for generally collimated laser radiation includes a single polarizing element, at least one Faraday optical element, at least one reciprocal polarization altering optical element disposed at the single polarizing element, at least one reflective optical element for reflecting radiation to provide an even number of passes through the at least one Faraday optical element, and a magnetic structure. The magnetic structure is capable of generating a magnetic field within the at least one Faraday optical element that is generally aligned with the even number of passes along a beam propagation axis. The optical isolator is configured to receive generally collimated laser radiation, which passes through the single polarizing element and the at least one reciprocal polarization altering optical element and which makes at least two passes through the at least one Faraday optical element, whereby generally collimated laser radiation is output from the optical isolator.

A glueless optical device includes a housing having a first optical portal and a second optical portal opposite the first optical portal. A first optical component is within the housing adjacent to the first optical portal, and a second optical component is within the housing adjacent to the second optical portal. A central optical component is positioned within the housing between the first optical component and the second optical component. A first holder is configured to mount the first optical component to the housing via a first plate spring, and a second holder is configured to mount the second optical component to the housing via a second plate spring. A construct having a coil spring at least partially wrapped around a cylindrical crystal is configured to pass through a bore hole in the central optical component and mount the central optical component between the first holder and the second holder.

A Faraday rotator and an optical isolator having a high transmittance and a high Verdet constant are provided. The optical isolator includes at least a Faraday rotator that rotates a polarization plane of incident light in a non-reciprocal manner, a polarizer disposed on a light incident side of the Faraday rotator, and an analyzer disposed on a light exit side of the Faraday rotator. The Faraday rotator is made of an oxide containing ytterbium oxide (Yb.sub.2O.sub.3), and is manufactured by a ceramic manufacturing process, wherein the oxide is allowed to contain an oxide of a metal other than ytterbium, and the proportion of ytterbium in all metal atoms in the oxide is 80% or more.

A paramagnetic garnet-type transparent ceramic is a sintered body of complex oxide represented by the following formula (1), comprising SiO.sub.2 as a sintering aid in an amount of more than 0% by weight to 0.1% by weight or less, and has a linear transmittance of 83.5% or more at the wavelength of 1,064 nm for an optical path length of 25 mm:
(Tb.sub.1-x-yY.sub.xSc.sub.y).sub.3(Al.sub.1-zSc.sub.z).sub.5O.sub.12  (1)
wherein 0.05≤x<0.45, 0<y<0.1, 0.5<1−x−y<0.95, and 0.004<z<0.2.

An optical module having an externally-mounted magnetic ring and a chip positioning angle and a pressing block structure thereof are disclosed. The pressing block structure includes a pressing block. The pressing block includes a pressing block body. The pressing block body is provided with an insertion core positioning hole, a chip accommodating hole, and a magnetic ring accommodating chamber. The chip accommodating hole is provided with at least one positioning angle. The overall assembly accuracy of the optical module is improved, the material cost of the isolator chip is reduced, the positioning of the chip is more accurate, and the occurrence of glue overflow can be avoided.

An apparatus includes polarization beamsplitters that each separate incoming and outgoing optical signals having different polarizations. The apparatus also includes directionally-dependent polarization rotation optical assemblies that each maintain a polarization of one of the incoming and outgoing optical signals and to rotate a polarization of another of the incoming and outgoing optical signals. The apparatus further includes a third polarization beamsplitter that combines the outgoing optical signals to produce transmit optical signals and separate receive optical signals to produce the incoming optical signals.

A particle detection system may include a laser optical source providing a beam of electromagnetic radiation, one or more beam shaping elements for receiving the beam of electromagnetic radiation, an optical isolator disposed in the path of the beam, between the laser source and the one or more beam shaping elements, a particle interrogation zone disposed in the path of the beam, wherein particles in the particle interrogation zone interact with the beam of electromagnetic radiation, and a first photodetector configured to detect light scattered and/or transmitted from the particle interrogation zone, a second photodetector configured to monitor power of the beam, and a controller configured to adjust the beam power based on a signal from the second photodetector, wherein the optical isolator is configured to filter optical feedback from the particle detection system out of an optical path leading to the second photodetector. The particle detection system may be configured to have a lower detection limit of 5 nm to 50 nm effective particle diameter. The laser optical source may have a laser power of 300 milliwatts to 100 watts.