An optical device (40) includes an electro-optical layer (46), having an effective local index of refraction at any given location within an active area of the electro-optical layer that is determined by a voltage waveform applied across the electro-optical layer at the location. Conductive electrodes (50, 52) are disposed over opposing first and second side of the electro-optical layer. Control circuitry (26) is configured to apply control voltage waveforms between the conductive electrodes so as to generate a phase modulation profile in the electro-optical layer that causes rays of optical radiation that are incident on the device to converge or diverge with a given focal power, while varying an amplitude of the control voltage waveforms for the given focal power responsively to an angle of incidence of the rays that impinge on the device from a direction of interest.

Provided is a method for manufacturing an optical device capable of surely curing a photocurable resin composition. The method for manufacturing an optical device 1 in which an optical member 2 and a transparent panel 4 are bonded together via a cured resin layer 3 includes: a step of forming, on one of the optical member 2 and the transparent panel 4, a wall 12 surrounding a forming region for the cured resin layer 3 and having at least one opening 13; a step of laminating the optical member 2 and the transparent panel 4 to form a laminated body 10 in which a resin filling space 14 surrounded by the wall 12 is formed between the optical member 2 and the transparent panel 4; a step of filling the resin filling space 14 of the laminated body 10 with a photocurable resin composition 30; and a step of curing the photocurable resin composition 30 to form the cured resin layer 3.

An optical device includes an electro-optical layer and conductive electrodes disposed over opposing first and second side of the electro-optical layer. Control circuitry is configured to apply at least first control voltage waveforms and second control voltage waveforms between the conductive electrodes so as to generate respective first and second phase modulation profiles in the electro-optical layer, which cause rays of optical radiation that are incident on the device to converge or diverge with respective first and second focal powers, and to change from the first focal power to the second focal power by concurrently applying overshoot control voltages to each of a plurality of the conductive electrodes for different, respective transition periods, followed by application of the second control voltage waveforms.

Adaptive spectacles include a spectacle frame and first and second electrically-tunable lenses, mounted in the spectacle frame and having respective focal powers and optical centers that are determined by control voltages applied thereto. Control circuitry is configured to apply the control voltages so as to shift the optical centers of the electrically-tunable lenses responsively to the focal powers of the electrically-tunable lenses.

A two-dimensionally extensive optical element having a light entry side and a light exit side. The optical element includes alternating transparent first regions and second regions having materials with different first refractive indices and second refractive indices. The first refractive index is higher than the second refractive index. First layers and second layers which are opaque or are switchable to be opaque are arranged at the light entry surfaces and light exit surfaces of the second regions. When the layers are opaque, the propagation directions of light passing through the optical element are limited compared to layers which are switched to be transparent.

The disclosure relates to the technical field of display, in particular to a displaying substrate, a manufacturing method thereof and a display panel. The displaying substrate comprises a passivation layer (28) and a flat layer (29) covering the passivation layer (28), wherein the flat layer (29) comprises a first flat via hole and a plurality of second flat via holes, the passivation layer (28) comprises a first passivation via hole, and the first flat via hole and the first passivation via hole form a first sleeve hole (31); and the hole depth of the first flat via hole is smaller than that of each second flat via hole, and the hole depth of the first passivation via hole is greater than or equal to the difference between the maximum hole depth of all the second flat via holes and the hole depth of the first flat via hole.

A multi-layer device and its method of manufacture are disclosed. The multi-layer device comprises a first electrode layer, a first repair layer, a functional layer, and a second electrode layer. The first repair layer comprises a conductive hydrogel film or conductive hydrogel beads, the conductive hydrogel film or the conductive hydrogel beads comprising conductive filler particles dispersed in a cross-linked polymer. The repair layer protects the multi-layer device from electrical short circuits. A multi-layer device is also disclosed including a light-transmissive electrode layer comprising a porous mesh or porous spheres.

An optical device includes an electro-optical layer and conductive electrodes disposed over opposing first and second side of the electro-optical layer. Control circuitry is configured to apply at least first control voltage waveforms and second control voltage waveforms between the conductive electrodes so as to generate respective first and second phase modulation profiles in the electro-optical layer, which cause rays of optical radiation that are incident on the device to converge or diverge with respective first and second focal powers, and to change from the first focal power to the second focal power by concurrently applying overshoot control voltages to each of a plurality of the conductive electrodes for different, respective transition periods, followed by application of the second control voltage waveforms.

Bright ambient light can wash out a virtual image in a conventional augmented reality device. Fortunately, this problem can be prevented with a variable electro-active beam splitter whose reflect/transmit ratio can be varied or switched on and off rapidly at a duty cycle based on the ambient level. As the ambient light gets brighter, the beam splitter's transmit/reflect ratio can be shifted so that the beam splitter reflects more light from the display and transmits less ambient light to the user's eye. The beam splitter can also be switched between a highly reflective state and a highly transmissive state at a duty cycle selected so that the eye spends more time integrating reflected display light than integrating transmitted ambient light. The splitting ratio and/or duty cycle can be adjusted as the ambient light level changes to provide the optimum experience for the user.

A display device includes a liquid crystal display including a first liquid crystal display panel that displays a character or an image; a decorative member; and a controller that controls the display of the liquid crystal display. The decorative member is disposed on a display surface side of the liquid crystal display, and includes a display region in which the display of the liquid crystal display is transparently displayed, and a non-display region adjacent to the display region. The controller controls a luminance through the decorative member of a black display of the liquid crystal display to a luminance invisible to a user, and controls the luminance through the decorative member of a low-gradation region, except for the black display, of the liquid crystal display to a luminance visible to the user.