A method for forming an electronic device including two stacked liquid crystal cells is disclosed. A first liquid crystal cell including two substrates is provided. A second liquid crystal cell is formed by disposing another substrate to one of the substrates of the first liquid crystal cell. Subsequently, a cutting step is performed to cut off unnecessary portions of the substrates of the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell. Before bonding the another substrate, a pre-cutting step is performed to form at least a pre-cutting mark on the substrate on which the another substrate is bonded in order to facilitate removal of unnecessary portions of the substrates.

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a liquid crystal display device includes a lower substrate including a black matrix and a color filter; an upper substrate disposed to be opposite to the lower substrate; a thin film transistor which on the upper substrate to be opposite to the color filter, and including a gate electrode, an active layer, a source electrode, and a drain electrode; at least one insulting layer disposed on the thin film transistor; a pixel electrode disposed on the insulating layer and electrically connected to the drain electrode; and a common electrode spaced apart from the pixel electrode, and the gate electrode includes a first gate conductive layer including a transparent conductive material, a second gate conductive layer including a first transition metal oxide and a second transition metal oxide, and a third gate conductive layer formed of an opaque conductive layer.

Provided are a light control film whereby flickering is hard to recognize when observing external light via the light control film, a light control member comprising same, a vehicle, and an electricity supply method for the light control film. In the vehicle 130, the light control film 1 having a vertically-aligned liquid crystal layer is attached to a sunroof 132. The light control film 1 is attached to the sunroof 132 of the vehicle 130 such that the liquid crystal molecules fall to the rear of the vehicle 130 when an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer. As a result, passengers in the vehicle do not sense any flickering inside the car and have no discomfort.

A display device is provided and includes a first polymer substrate, a plurality of thin-film transistors, a second polymer substrate, and a liquid crystal layer. The thin-film transistors are disposed on the first polymer substrate. The second polymer substrate is disposed opposite to the first polymer substrate. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first polymer substrate and the second polymer substrate. The first polymer substrate has a first thickness, the second polymer substrate has a second thickness, and the first thickness is greater than the second thickness.

This application discloses a display panel, a mask for manufacturing same, and a display device. The display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a plurality of grooves, and a spacer. The second substrate and the first substrate are arranged oppositely. The liquid crystal layer is formed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The plurality of grooves are provided on the first substrate and depressed from the surface of the first substrate. The spacer is formed on the first substrate and arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate. The spacer includes a main spacer and sub-spacers, the main spacer being higher than the sub-spacers, and the sub-spacers being located inside the grooves.

A liquid crystal device includes a reflection-type liquid crystal panel in which a first substrate provided with a reflective layer and a second substrate having light-transmissivity face each other via a liquid crystal layer. In the liquid crystal device, a λ/4 phase difference plate is arranged in an optical path in which light incident from the second substrate side is reflected by the reflective layer and emitted from the second substrate side, and a phase difference compensation layer such as a C plate and O plate provided integrally with the liquid crystal panel is provided in the optical path. The λ/4 phase difference plate is an inorganic material film provided on a second end surface facing the second substrate in the polarized light separating element. The phase difference compensation layer is an inorganic material film provided on a surface of the second substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer.

An opposing substrate as a substrate for an electro-optical device includes a transparent base member and a light shielding portion disposed on a region between pixels on the base member. The light shielding portion includes a first reflective film and a second reflective film that is disposed to overlap the first reflective film and has a reflection rate lower than that of the first reflective film, and a first protective film that covers the first reflective film is provided between the first reflective film and the second reflective film.

An electronic device includes a first substrate, a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, and a third substrate disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the third substrate has a first surface closer to the first substrate and a second surface closer to the second substrate. A first alignment layer having a first alignment direction is disposed on a surface of the first substrate. A second alignment layer is disposed on a surface of the second substrate. A third alignment layer having a third alignment direction is disposed on a first surface of the third substrate, and a fourth alignment layer is disposed on the second surface of the third substrate. The third alignment direction is perpendicular to the first alignment direction.

A display apparatus includes a backlight component, a light adjusting component, a display panel, and a first polarizing film. The backlight component is configured to generate polarized light. The light adjusting component is disposed on one side of the backlight component, and is configured to deflect or not deflect polarized light generated by the backlight component. The first polarizing film is disposed between the light adjusting component and the display panel. In the display apparatus) provided in this application, when the polarized light obtained after passing through the light adjusting component passes through the first polarizing film, if a vibration direction of the polarized light is consistent with a transmission direction of the first polarizing film, the polarized light can be transmitted. If the vibration direction of the polarized light is perpendicular to the transmission direction of the first polarizing film, the polarized light cannot be transmitted.

A display device that includes a display element including a light source, and a surface film disposed so as to overlap with the display element and including a thermoplastic elastomer composition, the thermoplastic elastomer composition satisfying conditions (1) and (2) below, and the surface film satisfying conditions (3) and (4) below: (1) The melt flow rate (ASTM D1238, 230° C., 2.16 kg load; MFR) is not less than 30 g/10 min. (2) The type A hardness (momentary value) measured by a method in accordance with JIS K6253 is 60 to 90. (3) The thickness is not less than 300 μm and not more than 2 mm. (4) The total light transmittance measured by a method in accordance with JIS K7361 is 3 to 60%.