It is an object of the present invention to apply a sufficient electrical field to a liquid crystal material in a horizontal electrical field liquid crystal display device typified by an FFS type. In a horizontal electrical field liquid crystal display, an electrical field is applied to a liquid crystal material right above a common electrode and a pixel electrode using plural pairs of electrodes rather than one pair of electrodes. One pair of electrodes includes a comb-shaped common electrode and a comb-shaped pixel electrode. Another pair of electrodes includes a common electrode provided in a pixel portion and the comb-shaped pixel electrode.

An electronically-controlled viewing angle switching device, including a liquid crystal layer, a first electrode, a second electrode, a plurality of first insulation patterns, and a plurality of second insulation patterns is provided. The first electrode and the second electrode are respectively located at a first side and a second side of the liquid crystal layer. The first insulation patterns are located at the first side of the liquid crystal layer. The second insulation patterns are located at the second side of the liquid crystal layer. Each of the first insulation patterns is at least partially overlapped with the corresponding second insulation pattern. A display device adopting the electronically-controlled viewing angle switching device is also provided. The electronically-controlled viewing angle switching device and the display device provide a good anti-peed effect from a side viewing angle.

Architecture and designs of modulating both amplitude and phase at the same time in spatial light modulation are described. According to one aspect of the present invention, light propagation is controlled in two different directions (e.g., 0 and 45 degrees) to perform both amplitude modulation and phase modulation at the same time in liquid crystals. In one embodiment, a mask is used to form a pattern, where the pattern includes an array of alignment cells or embossed microstructures, a first group of the cells are aligned in the first direction and a second group of the cells are aligned in the second direction. Depending on applications, two cells from the first group and the second group may correspond to a single pixel or two neighboring pixels, resulting in amplitude modulation and phase modulation within the pixel or within an array of pixels.

A display device is provided. The display device includes a display panel and a visible angle adjustment panel. The visible angle adjustment panel has a liquid-crystal layer. The liquid-crystal layer has a plurality of cell gaps, wherein the thicknesses of the cell gaps are different from each other, and the thicknesses of the cell gaps gradually increase along a direction.

An electrically switchable optical modulator for modulating an optical wavefront transmitted therethrough, comprising a birefringent first optical element and a birefringent second optical element each having respective ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices. A birefringent liquid crystal material is sandwiched between the first and second optical elements. The extraordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal material is electrically switchable between: a first state in which it has a first value; and, a second state in which it has a second value different from the first value. One or both of the first value and the second value is un-matched to the extraordinary refractive index of the first optical element in respect of light polarised in a first direction of linear polarisation, and is un-matched to the extraordinary refractive index of the second optical element in respect of light polarised in a second direction of linear polarisation orthogonal to the first direction. This switchably renders a relative contrast in extraordinary refractive index as between the liquid crystal material and the first and second optical elements for modulating said wavefront.

Methods, materials, systems, and devices for stabilizing photoalignment patterns in liquid crystal diffractive waveplates (LCDWs) against radiation, mechanical, and electrical influences by creating a polymer network within the bulk of LCDW such as the polymer network does not affect the LC orientation pattern in the bulk of the DW and does not result in residual retardation and light scattering while being able to fast switching and relaxation with no haze at application of electric fields.

A pixel electrode or a common electrode is a light-transmissive conductive film; therefore, it is formed of ITO conventionally. Accordingly, the number of manufacturing steps and masks, and manufacturing cost have been increased. An object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device, a liquid crystal display device, and an electronic appliance each having a wide viewing angle, less numbers of manufacturing steps and masks, and low manufacturing cost compared with a conventional device. A semiconductor layer of a transistor, a pixel electrode, and a common electrode of a liquid crystal element are formed in the same step.

A display device and a method of manufacturing the display device are provided. The display device includes a first lamination member that includes a first area and a second area that is an area other than the first area; a bonding member disposed on one side of the first lamination member and that includes an adhesive resin; and a second lamination member disposed on the other side of the bonding member, wherein the bonding member includes a crack portion formed in at least a part of a matrix of the adhesive resin.

A device for reducing laser speckle using a micro scanner and a holographic diffuser. The micro scanner includes a first transparent optical substrate with an input surface and an output surface and a second transparent optical substrate with an input surface and an output surface and a variable refractive index medium sandwiched between the output surface of the first substrate and the input surface of the second substrate. Transparent electrodes are applied to the output surface of the first substrate and the input surface of the second substrate. The electrodes are coupled to a voltage generator. The input surface of the first substrate is optically coupled to a laser source. The input surface of the second substrate is configured as an array of prismatic elements. At least one of the input surface of the first substrate or the output surfaces of the second substrate is planar.

A display panel and a display device. The display panel includes a first light adjusting module and a display module. The display module includes a pixel unit having a plurality of pixels, the pixels include a plurality of sub-pixels. The first light adjusting module includes a first light-adjusting electrode layer, a second light-adjusting electrode layer, a first filling layer and a second filling layer. The first filling layer is filled with a first filling material with a refractive index of ns, and the second filling layer is filled with filler groups each including at least one filler and corresponding to the pixels. The refractive index ne of the filler along the second direction is greater than the refractive index no along the third direction thereof, and ns≈no. The fillers in the same filler group switches between a first deflected state and a second deflected state.