A performance of a display apparatus is improved. A display apparatus includes a glass plate, a display panel facing the glass plate, a frame housing a part of the glass plate and a part of the display panel, and a light source module housed in the frame. The glass plate has a side surface. The display panel includes a first substrate facing the glass plate, a second substrate facing the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer located between the first substrate and the second substrate. The light source module is disposed at a position facing the side surface of the glass plate.

Aspects of the present disclosure involve a transparent structure. The structure may include at least one light source, a transparent light-carrying guide layer optically coupled with the at least one light source. The structure may include refractive layers where a light absorbing feature is operably associated with the light-carrying guide layer to absorb any light not internally reflected in the light guide layer, at least adjacent the light source.

Aspects of the present disclosure involve a transparent structure. The structure may include at least one light source, a transparent light-carrying guide layer optically coupled with the at least one light source. The structure may include refractive layers where a light absorbing feature is operably associated with the light-carrying guide layer to absorb any light not internally reflected in the light guide layer, at least adjacent the light source.

A display device includes a display panel including a display surface having a Lambertian light emission distribution, and a viewing angle modulator disposed on the display panel. The viewing angle modulator includes a first refractive layer including a diffraction structure on a surface, a refractive index conversion layer disposed on the first refractive layer and including an electro-optical material having a refractive index that changes when a voltage is applied to the electro-optical material, and a second refractive layer disposed on the refractive index conversion layer. The refractive index conversion layer includes a base layer, and an optical structure disposed on the base layer that changes a path of light incident on a surface facing the second refractive layer.

A display device includes a display panel including a display surface having a Lambertian light emission distribution, and a viewing angle modulator disposed on the display panel. The viewing angle modulator includes a first refractive layer including a diffraction structure on a surface, a refractive index conversion layer disposed on the first refractive layer and including an electro-optical material having a refractive index that changes when a voltage is applied to the electro-optical material, and a second refractive layer disposed on the refractive index conversion layer. The refractive index conversion layer includes a base layer, and an optical structure disposed on the base layer that changes a path of light incident on a surface facing the second refractive layer.

According to an aspect, a display device includes: an array substrate having a display region provided with a plurality of signal lines arranged with spaces in a first direction and a plurality of scanning lines arranged with spaces in a second direction; a counter substrate; a liquid crystal layer between the array substrate and the counter substrate; and a light source disposed so as to cause light to enter a side surface of the array substrate or a side surface of the counter substrate. The counter substrate is provided with a light-blocking layer. In a plan view, the light-blocking layer overlaps either of the signal lines and the scanning lines, and the other of the signal lines and the scanning lines each have a non-overlapping portion that does not overlap the light-blocking layer.

According to an aspect, a display device includes: an array substrate having a display region provided with a plurality of signal lines arranged with spaces in a first direction and a plurality of scanning lines arranged with spaces in a second direction; a counter substrate; a liquid crystal layer between the array substrate and the counter substrate; and a light source disposed so as to cause light to enter a side surface of the array substrate or a side surface of the counter substrate. The counter substrate is provided with a light-blocking layer. In a plan view, the light-blocking layer overlaps either of the signal lines and the scanning lines, and the other of the signal lines and the scanning lines each have a non-overlapping portion that does not overlap the light-blocking layer.

A laminated pane, includes an outer pane, an inner pane, and at least two intermediate layers, wherein at least two separate functional elements with electrically controllable optical properties are arranged in a plane between the two intermediate layers, wherein on two opposite sides of each functional element, an inner bus bar is connected in each case to the respective functional element and at least one of the two opposite sides of each functional element is sealed by two PET barrier films, which are partly arranged between an intermediate layer and the functional element, wherein attached on one of the PET barrier films is at least one outer bus bar that is connected via an electrically conducting connection to the inner bus bar of a functional element, in order to electrically control the functional element separately from the other functional element or elements.

A laminated pane, includes an outer pane, an inner pane, and at least two intermediate layers, wherein at least two separate functional elements with electrically controllable optical properties are arranged in a plane between the two intermediate layers, wherein on two opposite sides of each functional element, an inner bus bar is connected in each case to the respective functional element and at least one of the two opposite sides of each functional element is sealed by two PET barrier films, which are partly arranged between an intermediate layer and the functional element, wherein attached on one of the PET barrier films is at least one outer bus bar that is connected via an electrically conducting connection to the inner bus bar of a functional element, in order to electrically control the functional element separately from the other functional element or elements.

According to one embodiment, a display device includes a first substrate having a first transparent substrate and a pixel electrode, a second substrate having a second transparent substrate, a first common electrode, a second common electrode, and an insulating film disposed between the first common electrode and the second common electrode, and a liquid crystal layer. The first common electrode is disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the insulating film, and includes a first opening and a first electrode portion. The second common electrode is disposed between the insulating film and the second transparent substrate, and includes a second electrode portion overlapping the first opening.