An optical film includes a low-refractive-index layer that includes a plurality of lens portions, and a high-refractive-index layer that fills a space between the plurality of lens portions. The lens portions each have a columnar shape and have a flat portion at an end thereof, and are arranged two-dimensionally. Distances between portions of the lens portions satisfy the following equation:

((P.sub.A−((A.sub.IN+A.sub.EX)/2))×(P.sub.B−((B.sub.IN+B.sub.EX)/2)))/(P.sub.A×P.sub.B) is 0.42 or greater and 0.70 or less.

A method and an apparatus for providing a matte affect while enhancing an output of a display that comprises multiple display pixels, the apparatus may include a first array of microlenses that is configured to scatter ambient light; a second array of microlenses; wherein first array of microlenses is parallel to the second array of microlenses; wherein microlenses of the first array of microlenses and the microlenses of the second array have a dimension of tens of microns; and wherein the first array of microlenses and the second array of microlenses are shaped and positioned to pass through the image from the display, when the apparatus is attached to the display.

A near-to-eye display device, includes: a display screen configured to display different images in a first time division mode, a polarization converter at a light-emitting side of the display screen and configured to convert emitted light of the different images displayed by the display screen into first circularly polarized light rays and second circularly polarized light rays in a second time division mode. Here the first circularly polarized light rays and the second circularly polarized light rays are opposite in rotation direction. The device further includes a polarization lens at a side facing away from the display screen of the polarization converter, and a focusing lens at a side facing away from the display screen of the polarization converter. The polarization lens and the focusing lens are configured to focus the first circularly polarized light rays and the second circularly polarized light rays at positions of different focal lengths.

According to one embodiment, a display device includes a display panel including a first substrate including a first transparent substrate having a first main surface, a first opposite and a side surface, a second substrate including a second transparent substrate having a second main surface and a second opposite surface, and a liquid crystal layer located between the first substrate and the second substrate, a light emitting element opposed to the side surface, a third transparent substrate, and a transparent layer located between the display panel and the third transparent substrate and having a second refractive index that is lower than a first refractive index.

A head-mounted display apparatus includes a display unit including a plurality of emissive areas which displays images and a plurality of transmissive areas disposed between the emissive areas and which transmits light from external light sources, a first optical element which receives and converges light emitted from the display unit onto a predetermined area, and a second optical element disposed opposite to the first optical element with respect to the display unit and which receives and diverges light incident toward the display unit from an outside.

Certain aspects of the technology disclosed herein integrate a camera with an electronic display. An electronic display can include several layers, such as a cover layer, a color filter layer, a display layer including light emitting diodes or organic light emitting diodes, a thin film transistor layer, etc. A processor initiates light emission from a plurality of display elements. The processor can suspend the light emission from the plurality of display elements for a period of time imperceptible to a human observer. The processor initiates a camera to capture an image during the period of time the plurality of display elements are suspended. The processor can capture a plurality of images corresponding to a plurality of pixels and produce an image comprising depth information.

A lighting device including a first unit and a second unit, the first unit including: a first funnel shaped reflector having a first neck, a first opening, a first reflecting surface and a first light axis, a first LED emitting a first color disposed on the first neck, a first liquid crystal lens disposed at the first opening, a second unit including: a second funnel shaped reflector having a second neck, a second opening, a second reflecting surface and a second light axis, a second LED emitting a second color disposed on the second neck, a second liquid crystal lens disposed at the second opening; a length h1 of the first funnel shaped reflector is same as a length of the second funnel shaped reflector, and a diameter d1 of the first opening is same as a diameter of the second opening, and h1/d1 is two or more.

A stereoscopic image display device including: a display panel including pixels; a lens array disposed on the display panel, wherein the lens array includes a lens layer which includes an optically anisotropic material, and a planarization layer which covers the lens layer and includes an optically isotropic polymer; and a light shielding pattern disposed on the lens array, and overlapping a boundary between lenses of the lens array.

According to one embodiment, a camera module includes a liquid crystal panel, an image sensor and an optical system. The liquid crystal panel is configured to display a coded aperture pattern. The optical system is interposed between the liquid crystal panel and the image sensor. The liquid crystal panel includes a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules and dichroic dye molecules aligned following the liquid crystal molecules.

According to one embodiment, a display device includes a display panel including a first substrate including a first transparent substrate having a first main surface, a first opposite and a side surface, a second substrate including a second transparent substrate having a second main surface and a second opposite surface, and a liquid crystal layer located between the first substrate and the second substrate, a light emitting element opposed to the side surface, a third transparent substrate, and a transparent layer located between the display panel and the third transparent substrate and having a second refractive index that is lower than a first refractive index.