Alignment films include a copolymer of a specific vertical alignment monomer and at least one of a specific anthracene-based monomer and a specific benzyl-based monomer.

Provided is a liquid crystal aligning agent composition including a urea-based compound that contains two or more urea functional groups and has a structure in which a hydroxyalkyl group is substituted for a terminal amino group of a urea functional group, together with polyimide and its precursor polymer.

A liquid crystal display is configured such that a composite layer thereof is transparent to incident light in one voltage condition (e.g., in the absence of an applied voltage) and scatters incident light out of the display in another voltage condition (e.g., when a voltage is applied). The liquid crystal display does not need polarizers or color filters.

A method for forming an electronic device including two stacked liquid crystal cells is disclosed. A first liquid crystal cell including two substrates is provided. A second liquid crystal cell is formed by disposing another substrate to one of the substrates of the first liquid crystal cell. Subsequently, a cutting step is performed to cut off unnecessary portions of the substrates of the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell. Before bonding the another substrate, a pre-cutting step is performed to form at least a pre-cutting mark on the substrate on which the another substrate is bonded in order to facilitate removal of unnecessary portions of the substrates.

Embodiments of a dual-sided transparent display panel are presented herein. One embodiment comprises a first panel subassembly and a second panel subassembly, each of the first and second panel subassemblies including a plurality of adjacent layers, the plurality of adjacent layers including, from an innermost layer to an outermost layer, a first electrode layer, a first polyimide layer, a liquid-crystal matrix, a second polyimide layer, a second electrode layer, and a glass layer; a waveguide disposed between an inner surface of the first electrode layer of the first panel subassembly and an inner surface of the first electrode layer of the second panel subassembly; and one or more light sources disposed along an edge of the waveguide that is perpendicular to the inner surface of the first electrode layer of the first panel subassembly and the inner surface of the first electrode layer of the second panel subassembly.

A liquid crystal display capable of reducing the occurrence of defective display due to variations in the initial alignment direction of a liquid crystal alignment control film in a liquid crystal display of an IPS scheme, realizing the stable liquid crystal alignment, providing excellent mass productivity, and having high image quality with a higher contrast ratio. The liquid crystal display has a liquid crystal layer disposed between a pair of substrates, at least one of the substrates being transparent, and an alignment control film formed between the liquid crystal layer and the substrate. At least one of the alignment control films 109 comprises photoreactive polyimide and/or polyamic acid provided with an alignment control ability by irradiation of substantially linearly polarized light.

the present application provides a display panel and manufacturing method thereof, the display panel includes: a substrate, which comprises a first substrate and a second substrate arranged oppositely; a black matrix layer, formed on the first substrate; an alignment layer, formed on the black matrix layer and the second substrate; a color filter layer, formed on the first substrate or the second substrate; a liquid crystal layer, formed between the first substrate and the second substrate; and an active switch, formed on the substrate; where at least one groove is formed on the black matrix layer, a shading layer is formed on the position of the substrate corresponding to the groove, and the area of the substrate in which the groove is orthogonally projected is fully covered by the area of the substrate in which the shading layer is orthogonally projected.

A liquid crystal light control element that controls a light absorption state by voltage application, the liquid crystal light control element including: a liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal composition between a pair of substrates each having an electrode; and a liquid crystal alignment film that is provided on at least one of the substrates and aligns a liquid crystal vertically, wherein the liquid crystal composition contains a liquid crystal and a dichroic dye, the liquid crystal alignment film is obtained from a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a polyimide precursor in which a diamine having a specific side chain is used as a part of the raw material or a polyimide obtained by imidizing the polyimide precursor, and the proportion of the diamine used is 50 to 100 mol % based on the entire diamine component.

The present invention relates to a photoalignment composition for the alignment of liquid crystals and the stabilization of the pre-tilt angle in liquid crystal layers. Further the present invention relates to the liquid crystal alignment film and coating layer prepared from the said composition and the use to fabricate optical and electrooptical elements and devices.

A data security apparatus includes an analog component. The analog component operates internally with a high degree of entropy. This high degree of entropy resides in the interactions between its internal components in response to an external driving signal. The interactions within the analog component have a level of entropy that is high enough to make digital simulation of the analog component impractical. Because the analog component is impractical to digitally simulate it is referred to as being digitally unclonable. The data security apparatus processes data by encrypting plaintext data into ciphertext and/or decrypting data from ciphertext into plaintext. Part of the conversion between plaintext and ciphertext uses the analog component. Since the analog component is digitally unclonable (that is, impractical to digitally simulate), the part of the conversion process that uses the analog component requires possession of the analog component itself or the possession of another analog component that has the same signature.