An electro-optical liquid crystal cell comprising a first substrate, a first layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) on the first substrate, a first layer of WSe.sub.2 on the first layer of ITO on the first substrate, and a layer of liquid crystal on the first layer of WSe.sub.2 on the first layer of ITO on the first substrate. Furthermore, the electro-optical liquid crystal cell can comprise a second layer of WSe.sub.2, a second layer of ITO, and a second substrate. This WSe.sub.2 cell exhibits the required electro-optic effect needed for a liquid crystal display. This WSe.sub.2 cell exhibits high optical transmission.

A laminate is capable of forming an orientation film formed by orienting a rod-like liquid crystal compound or a disk-like liquid crystal compound having a horizontal orientation ability or a vertical orientation ability with respect to a surface of the laminate, on the surface, by using an orientation restraining force of the surface, the laminate including: a cholesteric liquid crystal layer. An optical film sequentially includes: a support; a cholesteric liquid crystal layer; and an orientation film.

The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium, in particular based on a mixture of polar compounds, and to the use thereof for an active-matrix display, in particular based on the VA, PSA, PS-VA, PA-VA, PALC, FFS, PS-FFS, IPS or PS-IPS effect.

An electro-optical liquid crystal cell comprising a first substrate, a first layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) on the first substrate, a first layer of WSe.sub.2 on the first layer of ITO on the first substrate, and a layer of liquid crystal on the first layer of WSe.sub.2 on the first layer of ITO on the first substrate. Furthermore, the electro-optical liquid crystal cell can comprise a second layer of WSe.sub.2, a second layer of ITO, and a second substrate. This WSe.sub.2 cell exhibits the required electro-optic effect needed for a liquid crystal display. This WSe.sub.2 cell exhibits high optical transmission.

A peep-proof device, a display device and a method for driving the display device are provided. The peep-proof device includes at least one light beam adjustment layer. The light beam adjustment layer includes: a transparent base layer and a plurality of grooves formed in a surface of the transparent base layer; and a liquid crystal layer arranged within the plurality of grooves. A refractive index of the transparent base layer is same as a refractive index of the liquid crystal layer to ordinary light beam.

A liquid crystal display includes first and second substrates; first and second electrodes provided on the first and second substrates respectively; and a liquid crystal layer provided between the first and second substrates. The first electrode includes first openings each having an elongated shape in a first direction and which are arranged with regularity, and a short side edge thereof is longer than a length between the first openings adjacent in the first direction. The second electrode includes second openings each having an elongated shape in the first direction and which are arranged with regularity, and a short side edge thereof is longer than a length between the second openings adjacent in the first direction. Each of the first and second openings has a recess in at least either of two outer edge parts along the first direction in a planar view.

The present disclosure relates to a fabricating method of alignment film. The fabricating method of alignment film comprises: forming a blocking layer (2) on a substrate (1); and forming an alignment layer (3) on the blocking layer (2). According to the present disclosure, by way of a layered coating technology, a complete separation of the blocking layer and the alignment layer is achieved. Moreover, since the blocking layer is coated in advance, the alignment layer has a decreased angle with respect to the substrate, which facilitates a uniform distribution of the alignment layer such that the formation of Mura on the panel is effectively avoided. In addition, the blocking layer and the alignment layer are formed in different steps such that the thickness of the blocking layer and the alignment layer is accurately controlled. Therefore, an accurate distribution of capacitance on the blocking layer and the alignment layer is achieved and the residual charge on the alignment layer is effectively reduced.

The spontaneous orientation aid for a liquid crystal composition provides storage stability and allows liquid crystal molecules to be vertically aligned without a PI layer when added to a liquid crystal composition. When used in a liquid crystal composition, the spontaneous orientation aid can adsorb to substrates sandwiching a liquid crystal composition (liquid crystal layer) and keep the liquid crystal molecules aligned in a vertical direction. The spontaneous orientation aid makes it possible to align liquid crystal molecules without a PI layer (to induce vertical alignment of liquid crystal molecules under no applied voltage and to achieve horizontal alignment of the liquid crystal molecules under an applied voltage).

Provided are a substrate that can exert an anchoring force causing liquid crystal molecules to be vertically aligned and a liquid crystal display device. The substrate of the present invention is to be used in contact with a liquid crystal composition containing liquid crystal molecules and an alignment aid having a polar group and having the function of causing the liquid crystal molecules to be aligned spontaneously. The substrate includes an insulating film having a contact surface to be in contact with the liquid crystal composition. The static contact angle of water on the contact surface at 25° C. is 70° or less and/or the surface free energy of the contact surface is 50 mN/m or more. The substrate is preferably a substrate in direct contact with the liquid crystal composition with no alignment film therebetween.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a transfer plate, a method for manufacturing a display panel, and the display panel. The transfer plate is configured to form an alignment film of a display panel. The display panel includes a display region and a light signal transmission region. The transfer plate includes a bottom plate and a protruding plate fixed to the bottom plate. The protruding plate includes a first area corresponding to the light signal transmission region, a first protruding structure is disposed in the first area, and a shape of the first protruding structure is adapted to a shape of the light signal transmission region.