An electro-optical liquid crystal cell comprising a first substrate, a first layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) on the first substrate, a first layer of WSe.sub.2 on the first layer of ITO on the first substrate, and a layer of liquid crystal on the first layer of WSe.sub.2 on the first layer of ITO on the first substrate. Furthermore, the electro-optical liquid crystal cell can comprise a second layer of WSe.sub.2, a second layer of ITO, and a second substrate. This WSe.sub.2 cell exhibits the required electro-optic effect needed for a liquid crystal display. This WSe.sub.2 cell exhibits high optical transmission.

A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a first substrate, a thin film transistor (TFT), a pixel electrode, an organic layer, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer. The TFT is disposed on the first substrate. The pixel electrode is electrically connected to the TFT. The pixel electrode includes side surfaces forming a first angle with respect to the first substrate. The organic layer substantially covers the side surfaces of the pixel electrode. The organic layer includes side surfaces forming a second angle with respect to the first substrate. The second angle is smaller than the first angle. The second substrate faces the first substrate. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

A display panel including a first substrate, a second substrate, a display medium layer and a sealant is provided. The second substrate is assembled with the first substrate. The display medium layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The sealant is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, surrounds the display medium layer and includes a continuous one-piece pattern, wherein the continuous one-piece pattern includes a first segment and a second segment, and a difference between a width of the first segment and a width of the second segment is greater than or equal to a third of the width of the second segment.

Provided is a liquid crystalline polymer film where noise caused by diffraction light is removed. The liquid crystalline polymer film is configured to include a first liquid crystalline polymer film formed by simultaneously performing a bottom-up alignment method by a lower alignment film and a top-down alignment method by using a groove structure and a second liquid crystalline polymer film formed on an upper portion of the first liquid crystalline polymer film by overcoating. The second liquid crystalline polymer film is configured so as to satisfy a refractive index matching condition with respect to the first liquid crystalline polymer film, so that noise caused by undesired diffraction phenomenon generated by the groove structure on the upper surface of the first liquid crystalline polymer film is removed.

The invention relates to a light modulation element comprising a polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystalline medium sandwiched between two substrates (1), provided with a common electrode structure (2) and a driving electrode structure (3) individually, wherein the substrate with driving and/or common electrode structure is additionally provided with an alignment electrode structure (4) which is separated from the driving and or common electrode structure on the same substrate by an dielectric layer (5), characterized in that the light modulation element comprises at least one alignment layer (6) directly adjacent to the liquid crystalline medium.

The invention is further relates to a method of production of said light modulation element and to the use of said light modulation element in various types of optical and electro-optical devices, such as electro-optical displays, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), non-linear optic (NLO) devices, and optical information storage devices.

A display panel and a display device are provided. The display panel includes a first substrate having a display region and a non-display region, a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, at least a data line and at least a scan line disposed in the display region, a liquid crystal layer, a plurality of spacers and a seal disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a light shielding layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and including a light transmitting portion and a light shielding portion, and an alignment layer and a plurality of particles disposed on the light transmitting portion and the light shielding portion. A first surface roughness corresponding to the light transmitting portion of the non-display region is greater than a second surface roughness corresponding to the light shielding portion of the non-display region.

The invention relates to a light modulation element, preferably exploiting the flexoelectric effect comprising a cholesteric liquid crystalline medium sandwiched between two substrates (1), each provided with an electrode structure (2), wherein at least one of the substrates is provided with a photoresist pattern consisting of periodic substantially parallel stripes (3) which is additionally provided with an alignment layer (4). The invention is further related to a method of production of said light modulation element and to the use of said light modulation element in various types of optical and electro-optical devices, such as electro-optical displays, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), non-linear optic (NLO) devices, and optical information storage devices.

A liquid crystal panel according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules; a first alignment film in contact with a front surface of the liquid crystal layer; and a second alignment film in contact with a rear surface of the liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal panel being curved in the shape of a cylindrical surface. The first alignment film includes a plurality of first strip portions extending along a first direction and causing the liquid crystal molecules to be aligned. The second alignment film includes a plurality of second strip portions extending along a second direction and causing the liquid crystal molecules to be aligned. The first direction is a peripheral direction of the cylindrical surface. The second direction is a direction which crosses the peripheral direction.

The invention relates to a light modulation element comprising a cholesteric liquid crystalline medium sandwiched between two substrates, each provided with an electrode structure, wherein at least one of the substrates is additionally provided with an alignment layer which is provided with a photoresist pattern consisting of periodic substantially parallel stripes. The invention is further related to a method of production of said light modulation element and to the use of said light modulation element in various types of optical and electro-optical devices, such as electro-optical displays, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), non-linear optic (NLO) devices, and optical information storage devices.

According to one embodiment, a display device includes a first substrate and a second substrate. The first substrate includes a first area including a display portion, a second area adjacent to the first area, and an organic film. The second substrate has a substrate end along a boundary between the first area and the second area, and overlaps the first area. The first substrate includes an alignment film located in the display portion, terminals located in the second area and connected to a signal source, and a first groove formed in the organic film and located between the substrate end of the second substrate and the terminals in the second area. The terminals are arranged in a first direction. The first groove extends in the first direction along the terminals.