An electrically controlled birefringence liquid crystal display device performs a normally black display. The display device includes a liquid crystal display panel including a liquid crystal layer and a reflective portion to reflect light that is incident through a display surface of the liquid crystal display panel and that passes through the liquid crystal layer, a first polarizing plate on the display surface, and a half-wavelength plate between the liquid crystal display panel and the first polarizing plate. A phase difference Δnd−1 of the liquid crystal layer is less than a half of a phase difference Δnd−2 of the half-wavelength plate. The phase difference Δnd−2 of the half-wavelength plate indicates a positively dispersive wavelength, and a low axis of the half-wavelength plate intersects with an orientation axis of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer under no electric field being applied. The liquid crystal layer has a birefringence index Δn indicating a positively dispersive wavelength.

Provided is a liquid crystal display device capable of switching between a transparent state and a scattering state, reducing or preventing a decrease in transmittance in the transparent state, and reducing or preventing a decrease in luminance in the panel central portion in the scattering state. The liquid crystal display device includes, sequentially from its viewing surface side toward its back surface side: a first liquid crystal panel; a light source; and a second liquid crystal panel, the first liquid crystal panel including a polymer dispersed liquid crystal containing a polymer network and liquid crystal components, the light source being configured to irradiate a back surface side main surface of the first liquid crystal panel with light from an oblique direction.

According to one embodiment, a display device includes an illumination device, a display panel modulating light from the illumination device and emitting image light, a polarized light modulation element transmitting the image light from the display panel and diffusing external light, and a magnification mirror magnifying an image by the image light transmitted through the polarized light modulation element. The polarized light modulation element is a liquid crystal lens including a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer held between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a first control electrode and a second control electrode applying voltage to the liquid crystal layer.

According to one embodiment, a display device comprises first and second substrates. The first substrate comprise first and second common electrodes, and a first pixel electrode including a pair of first sides arranged in a first direction. The second common electrode includes first and second trunk portions, and a first branch portion extending from the second trunk portion toward the first trunk portion. The first pixel electrode is located between the trunk portions. The first branch portion overlaps with the first pixel electrode between the first sides. A width of the first pixel electrode between the first sides becomes smaller toward the second trunk portion.

A display apparatus includes a backlight source, a privacy filter disposed on the backlight source, a light adjusting panel disposed on the privacy filter, and a display panel disposed on the light adjusting panel. The light adjusting panel includes a first substrate, a first electrode, a second electrode, a first vertical alignment film disposed on the first substrate, a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, a second vertical alignment film disposed on the second substrate, and a positive liquid crystal layer disposed between the first vertical alignment film and the second vertical alignment film. The first electrode and the second electrode are disposed on the first substrate. Here, the first electrode has a plurality of first slits, and a plurality of orthogonal projections of the first slits on the first substrate overlap an orthogonal projection of the second electrode on the first substrate.

The liquid crystal panel of the present invention sequentially includes: a first substrate including a first electrode; a first alignment film; a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules having a positive anisotropy of dielectric constant; a second alignment film; and a second substrate including a second electrode, the liquid crystal molecules being homogeneously aligned with no voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, a polar anchoring energy 2EA and an azimuthal anchoring energy 2EB of the second alignment film being smaller than a polar anchoring energy 1EA and an azimuthal anchoring energy 1EB of the first alignment film, respectively, the polar anchoring energy 2EA of the second alignment film being not greater than the azimuthal anchoring energy 2EB of the second alignment film.

A projection type transparent display includes a polarization modulator and a reflective layer. The polarization modulator is stacked in sequence by a linear polarizer, a liquid crystal layer and a phase retarder. The reflective layer is stacked on the phase retarder. A projection light is incident on the linear polarizer to form a linearly polarized light. The liquid crystal layer changes a polarization direction of the linearly polarized light. Two kinds of linearly polarized projection lights with polarization directions orthogonal to each other are respectively formed and pass through the phase retarder to respectively form two kinds of circularly polarized projection lights with opposite rotation directions. A background light is incident on the reflective layer. A circularly polarized background light with the same spiral direction is reflected, and the circularly polarized background light opposite to the spiral direction passes through the reflective layer and is incident on the polarization modulator.

A privacy display comprises a spatial light modulator and a compensated switchable liquid crystal retarder arranged between first and second polarisers arranged in series with the spatial light modulator. In a privacy mode of operation, on-axis light from the spatial light modulator is directed without loss, whereas off-axis light has reduced luminance. The visibility of the display to off-axis snoopers is reduced by means of luminance reduction over a wide polar field. In a wide angle mode of operation, the switchable liquid crystal retardance is adjusted so that off-axis luminance is substantially unmodified.

An optically anisotropic film is formed of a liquid crystal composition including a liquid crystal compound and has a liquid crystal alignment pattern in which a direction of an optical axis derived from the liquid crystal compound changes while continuously rotating in at least one in-plane direction of the optically anisotropic film, and the optically anisotropic film satisfies predetermined requirements.

A privacy display comprises a spatial light modulator and a compensated switchable liquid crystal retarder arranged between first and second polarisers arranged in series with the spatial light modulator. In a privacy mode of operation, on-axis light from the spatial light modulator is directed without loss, whereas off-axis light has reduced luminance. The visibility of the display to off-axis snoopers is reduced by means of luminance reduction over a wide polar field. In a wide angle mode of operation, the switchable liquid crystal retardance is adjusted so that off-axis luminance is substantially unmodified.