Various embodiments set forth liquid crystal (LC) patterning control systems in which LCs are aligned using locally applied magnetic fields. The index of refraction experienced by light propagating through an anisotropic LC is dependent on orientation. As a result, a phase difference may be imparted to an optical beam that is passed through, or reflected from, an array of LCs whose orientations are controlled via locally applied magnetic fields. In some embodiments, the locally applied magnetic fields may be generated by driving currents through wires that intersect at micro or nanomagnetic particles or at magnetic domains, or by applying voltages to micro or nanocoils wrapped around high-permeability cores, among other things.

Various embodiments set forth liquid crystal (LC) patterning control systems in which LCs are aligned using locally applied magnetic fields. The index of refraction experienced by light propagating through an anisotropic LC is dependent on orientation. As a result, a phase difference may be imparted to an optical beam that is passed through, or reflected from, an array of LCs whose orientations are controlled via locally applied magnetic fields. In some embodiments, the locally applied magnetic fields may be generated by driving currents through wires that intersect at micro or nanomagnetic particles or at magnetic domains, or by applying voltages to micro or nanocoils wrapped around high-permeability cores, among other things.

Various embodiments set forth liquid crystal (LC) patterning control systems in which LCs are aligned using locally applied magnetic fields. The index of refraction experienced by light propagating through an anisotropic LC is dependent on orientation. As a result, a phase difference may be imparted to an optical beam that is passed through, or reflected from, an array of LCs whose orientations are controlled via locally applied magnetic fields. In some embodiments, the locally applied magnetic fields may be generated by driving currents through wires that intersect at micro or nanomagnetic particles or at magnetic domains, or by applying voltages to micro or nanocoils wrapped around high-permeability cores, among other things.

Provided are a liquid crystal member and a polarizing lens, that can obtain desired optical characteristics in a liquid crystal member including a liquid crystal layer having a concave-convex surface. The liquid crystal member includes a liquid crystal layer in which a liquid crystal composition which contains a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group and a polymerization initiator is immobilized in an aligned state, in which the liquid crystal compound has magnetic susceptibility anisotropy, at least one main surface of two main surfaces of the liquid crystal layer at both ends in a thickness direction is a non-flat surface having any of a concave shape, a convex shape, or a concave-convex shape, and slow axes of the liquid crystal compound present in a region in a vicinity of each of the two main surfaces are parallel to each other.

Various embodiments set forth liquid crystal (LC) patterning control systems in which LCs are aligned using locally applied magnetic fields. The index of refraction experienced by light propagating through an anisotropic LC is dependent on orientation. As a result, a phase difference may be imparted to an optical beam that is passed through, or reflected from, an array of LCs whose orientations are controlled via locally applied magnetic fields. In some embodiments, the locally applied magnetic fields may be generated by driving currents through wires that intersect at micro or nanomagnetic particles or at magnetic domains, or by applying voltages to micro or nanocoils wrapped around high-permeability cores, among other things.

A display apparatus is provided in the present disclosure. The display apparatus includes: a screen, including a display area and a non-display area; a backplane, in connection with the screen; and an exciter, in connection with the backplane and is configured to drive the screen to vibrate and output sound via the backplane.

A structured illumination microscope includes a spatial light modulator containing ferroelectric liquid crystals, an interference optical system for illuminating a specimen with an interference fringe generated by making lights from the spatial light modulator interfere with each other, a controller for applying a voltage pattern having a predetermined voltage value distribution to the ferroelectric liquid crystals, an image forming optical system for forming an image of the specimen, which has been irradiated with the interference fringe, an imaging element for generating an image by imaging the image formed by the image forming optical system, and a demodulating part for generating a demodulated image using a plurality of images, wherein the controller applies an image generation voltage pattern for generating the demodulated images and a burn-in prevention voltage pattern calculated based on the image generation voltage pattern to the ferroelectric liquid crystals.

In various embodiments magnetically actuated liquid crystals are provided as well as method of manufacturing such, methods of using the liquid crystals and devices incorporating the liquid crystals. In one non-limiting embodiment the liquid crystals comprise Fe.sub.3O.sub.4 nanorods where the nanorods are coated with a silica coating.

A structured illumination microscope includes a spatial light modulator containing ferroelectric liquid crystals, an interference optical system for illuminating a specimen with an interference fringe generated by making lights from the spatial light modulator interfere with each other, a controller for applying a voltage pattern having a predetermined voltage value distribution to the ferroelectric liquid crystals, an image forming optical system for forming an image of the specimen, which has been irradiated with the interference fringe, an imaging element for generating an image by imaging the image formed by the image forming optical system, and a demodulating part for generating a demodulated image using a plurality of images, wherein the controller applies an image generation voltage pattern for generating the demodulated images and a burn-in prevention voltage pattern calculated based on the image generation voltage pattern to the ferroelectric liquid crystals.

In various embodiments magnetically actuated liquid crystals are provided as well as method of manufacturing such, methods of using the liquid crystals and devices incorporating the liquid crystals. In one non-limiting embodiment the liquid crystals comprise Fe.sub.3O.sub.4 nanorods where the nanorods are coated with a silica coating.