Described herein are electrochemical cells that include composite gel positioned between the first electrode and second electrode, wherein the composite gel comprises an electrolyte, a polyaryl amine, and an oxidant. The composite gels described herein are easy to produce at a low-cost, which makes them suitable in a number of different applications electrochromic devices, supercapacitors, solar cells, and hybrid photoactive supercapacitors.

An optical device stack includes at least one of a photodetector or an optical emitter and a metasurface. The metasurface is disposed over a light-receiving surface of the photodetector or a light emission surface of the optical emitter. The metasurface includes a first conductive layer having an electrically-tunable optical property and an array of conductive nanostructures disposed on a first side of the first conductive layer. A second conductive layer is disposed on a second side of the first conductive layer. An electrical insulator is disposed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. A change in an electrical bias between the metasurface and the second conductive layer, from a first electrical bias to a second electrical bias, tunes the electrically-tunable optical property from a first state to a second state, and changes an electrically-tunable optical filtering property of the metasurface.

An optical device stack includes at least one of a photodetector or an optical emitter and a metasurface. The metasurface is disposed over a light-receiving surface of the photodetector or a light emission surface of the optical emitter. The metasurface includes a first conductive layer having an electrically-tunable optical property and an array of conductive nanostructures disposed on a first side of the first conductive layer. A second conductive layer is disposed on a second side of the first conductive layer. An electrical insulator is disposed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. A change in an electrical bias between the metasurface and the second conductive layer, from a first electrical bias to a second electrical bias, tunes the electrically-tunable optical property from a first state to a second state, and changes an electrically-tunable optical filtering property of the metasurface.

An optical device stack includes at least one of a photodetector or an optical emitter and a metasurface. The metasurface is disposed over a light-receiving surface of the photodetector or a light emission surface of the optical emitter. The metasurface includes a first conductive layer having an electrically-tunable optical property and an array of conductive nanostructures disposed on a first side of the first conductive layer. A second conductive layer is disposed on a second side of the first conductive layer. An electrical insulator is disposed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. A change in an electrical bias between the metasurface and the second conductive layer, from a first electrical bias to a second electrical bias, tunes the electrically-tunable optical property from a first state to a second state, and changes an electrically-tunable optical filtering property of the metasurface.

An optical device stack includes at least one of a photodetector or an optical emitter and a metasurface. The metasurface is disposed over a light-receiving surface of the photodetector or a light emission surface of the optical emitter. The metasurface includes a first conductive layer having an electrically-tunable optical property and an array of conductive nanostructures disposed on a first side of the first conductive layer. A second conductive layer is disposed on a second side of the first conductive layer. An electrical insulator is disposed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. A change in an electrical bias between the metasurface and the second conductive layer, from a first electrical bias to a second electrical bias, tunes the electrically-tunable optical property from a first state to a second state, and changes an electrically-tunable optical filtering property of the metasurface.

An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a first transparent member and a second transparent member where at least one visual object is displayed, a lens frame receiving at least a portion of the first transparent member and at least a portion of the second transparent member, the lens frame configured to: allow an external electronic device including at least one color-changeable lens to be attached thereto, and allow the at least one color-changeable lens to be aligned with at least one of the first transparent member or the second transparent member if the external electronic device is attached to the lens frame, one or more wearing members extending from the lens frame or coupled to the lens frame, at least one camera disposed in the lens frame and at least partially exposed to an outside through at least one hole formed in the lens frame, at least one first transmission coil disposed adjacent to at least a portion of the at least one camera inside the lens frame, and a power transmission circuit configured to transfer a current to the at least one first transmission coil.

An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a first transparent member and a second transparent member where at least one visual object is displayed, a lens frame receiving at least a portion of the first transparent member and at least a portion of the second transparent member, the lens frame configured to: allow an external electronic device including at least one color-changeable lens to be attached thereto, and allow the at least one color-changeable lens to be aligned with at least one of the first transparent member or the second transparent member if the external electronic device is attached to the lens frame, one or more wearing members extending from the lens frame or coupled to the lens frame, at least one camera disposed in the lens frame and at least partially exposed to an outside through at least one hole formed in the lens frame, at least one first transmission coil disposed adjacent to at least a portion of the at least one camera inside the lens frame, and a power transmission circuit configured to transfer a current to the at least one first transmission coil.

A device for detecting a sparkle effect of a transparent sample arranged in front of an image source, to which also a first polarizer having an optical axis of polarization is associated, wherein the detection device includes an imaging system, and wherein the transparent sample, the first polarizer and the imaging system are arranged along an optical path originated from the image source. The detection device includes a second polarizer, arranged between the transparent sample and the imaging system, having an optical axis of polarization directed at ninety degrees with respect to the optical axis of polarization of the first polarizer.

Product display systems are provided. The product display systems may include a product display assembly and one or more products positioned in proximity to the product display assembly. The product display assembly may include a solar cell configured to receive light and output electrical current and a wireless power transmitter configured to receive the electrical current. The product may include a wireless power receiver that cooperates with the wireless power transmitter to produce current that powers an output mechanism. The output mechanism outputs a perceptible effect such as light or sound to attract consumer attention. A related method is also provided.

Product display systems are provided. The product display systems may include a product display assembly and one or more products positioned in proximity to the product display assembly. The product display assembly may include a solar cell configured to receive light and output electrical current and a wireless power transmitter configured to receive the electrical current. The product may include a wireless power receiver that cooperates with the wireless power transmitter to produce current that powers an output mechanism. The output mechanism outputs a perceptible effect such as light or sound to attract consumer attention. A related method is also provided.