An system includes an optical element including a glazing-function substrate and an electrochromic stack formed on this substrate, this electrochromic stack including a first transparent conductive layer, a working electrode arranged above the first transparent conductive layer, a counter-electrode arranged above said working electrode, a second transparent conductive layer arranged above the counter-electrode, lithium ions introduced into the electrochromic stack, and optionally a separate layer of an ionic conductor, the latter layer being intermediate between the electrode and the counter-electrode, a protective layer arranged on the electrochromic stack, the protective layer including an inorganic lubricating compound.

An imaging system for a portable electronic device includes a variable aperture between a lens group and an image sensor. The variable aperture is defined by an electrochromic stack that defines at least two switching regions and a central non-switching region. The switching regions can be defined by concentric ring electrodes disposed below an electrochromic stack including a counter electrode, an ion conductor layer, and an electrochromic material. Above the electrochromic stack is disposed a shared electrode. The shared electrode and the concentric ring electrodes can be formed from indium tin oxide. By applying at least a threshold voltage to one or more of the concentric ring electrodes, an electric field can be generated by each driven electrode and a respective portion of the shared electrode, inducing a transition from a bleached state to a colored state in a respective portion of the electrochromic stack.

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel electrochromic device (ECD). Disclosed is an electrochromic device (ECD) comprising two metal-complex-based electrochromic thin films individually acting as a working electrode and a counter electrode; (i) one of the two metal-complex-based electrochromic thin films being a film of a cathodically coloring metallo-supramolecular polymer comprising at least one organic ligand having a plurality of metal coordination positions and a metal ion of at least one transition metal and/or lanthanoid metal with the at least one organic ligand and the metal ion being arranged alternately, and the other of the two metal-complex-based electrochromic thin films being a film of an anodically coloring metal hexacyanoferrate (MHCF) represented by the formula: M(II).sub.3[Fe(III)CN.sub.6].sub.2 (where M=Fe, Ni or Zn), and (ii) the electrochromic device having a first conducting substrate; the film of the cathodically coloring metallo-supramolecular polymer; an electrolyte; the film of the anodically coloring metal hexacyanoferrate (MHCF); and a second conducting substrate being arranged in this order.

An electrochromic composition, an electrochromic layer and an electrochromic device are provided. The electrochromic composition includes 20-80 parts by weight of polyimide, 20-80 parts by weight of silicon oxide nanoparticle, 1-50 parts by weight of electrochromic material, and 850 to 1200 parts by weight of solvent. The polyimide is a reaction product of a dianhydride and a diamine. The dianhydride and the diamine are as defined in the specification.

The present application discloses a method for fabricating a display substrate including forming an electrode layer comprising a plurality of electrode blocks on a base substrate; each electrode block corresponding to a subpixel region; and forming an electrochromic layer comprising a plurality of electrochromic blocks on the electrode layer by electrochemically depositing an electrochromic material onto the plurality of electrode blocks on a side of the electrode layer distal to the base substrate, each electrochromic block corresponding to each electrode block in a one-to-one relationship.

According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate including a semiconductor layer including a first extension portion and a second extension portion, a gate line, a first common electrode opposed to at least the second extension portion, a source line extending above the second extension portion, a pixel electrode including a main pixel electrode, a second common electrode including a second main common electrode opposed to the source line, and a first alignment film.

An apparatus for regionally changing an optical property includes a first electrode and a second electrode including a structuring into at least a first electrode region and in a second electrode region, wherein an intermediate region is arranged between the first electrode region and the second electrode region. The apparatus includes an active material arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode and configured to change the optical property on the basis of an electrical potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode. The active material forms a continuous layer that covers at least a sub-region of the first electrode region and a sub-region of the second electrode region and that is arranged in the intermediate region.

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel electrochromic device (ECD). Disclosed is an electrochromic device (ECD) comprising two metal-complex-based electrochromic thin films individually acting as a working electrode and a counter electrode; (i) one of the two metal-complex-based electrochromic thin films being a film of a cathodically coloring metallo-supramolecular polymer comprising at least one organic ligand having a plurality of metal coordination positions and a metal ion of at least one transition metal and/or lanthanoid metal with the at least one organic ligand and the metal ion being arranged alternately, and the other of the two metal-complex-based electrochromic thin films being a film of an anodically coloring metal hexacyanoferrate (MHCF) represented by the formula: M(II).sub.3[Fe(III)CN.sub.6].sub.2 (where M=Fe, Ni or Zn), and (ii) the electrochromic device having a first conducting substrate; the film of the cathodically coloring metallo-supramolecular polymer; an electrolyte; the film of the anodically coloring metal hexacyanoferrate (MHCF); and a second conducting substrate being arranged in this order.

An electrochromic device with one pigmentary color layer and one structural color layer is disclosed. The pigmentary color layer comprises electrochromic materials, which allow reversible and gradient switches between a colored state and a bleached state by electric field. In a colored state, the electrochromic device presents saturated pigmentary-structural additive color. In a bleached state, the structural color gradually vanished and leads to the optical transmissive state. The color coupling between these two color layers provides the disclosed devices with broader color gamut and angle-dependent optical response. Multiplexed and patterned devices have been further fabricated to demonstrate bio-mimic camouflage potentials.

An electrochromic device with side-by-side structure including a common electrode unit, at least one color-changing unit and an electrolyte layer is provided. The common electrode unit includes an electrode layer and an electrode protection layer disposed on the electrode layer. The color-changing unit includes a transparent conductive layer and a color-changing layer disposed on the transparent conductive layer. The common electrode unit and each color-changing unit are arranged on the same plane with an insulating region between two adjacent units. The electrolyte layer covers and connects the electrode protection layer of the common electrode unit and the color-changing layer of each color-changing unit.