An optoelectronic system includes a concentration layer, a modulation layer including an array of light modulators, an exit layer that receives the modulation layer output having a modulation layer output spatial distribution and remaps the modulation layer output spatial distribution to a modified spatial distribution. A collector layer receives the modified spatial distribution to produce a collector layer output. A detector receives the collector layer output. A processor controls the modulation layer and receives the detector output to generate an image. The collector layer can receive the modified spatial distribution at a plurality of collector layer inputs and combine the plurality of collector layer inputs at a collector layer output. Modulators can be configured to direct couple modulated light to a collector layer, without using an exit layer. Configurations with spatial light modulator modules and sub-modules are described.

An optical waveguide device includes a substrate on which an optical waveguide is formed, and an object that is disposed on the substrate. The optical waveguide includes a mode conversion/branching portion that converts a mode of a light wave propagating through the optical waveguide and branches the light wave, and the object is disposed to cover a part or the whole of the mode conversion/branching portion or not to cover the mode conversion/branching portion when the substrate is viewed in a plan view. In a case where the object is disposed to cover a part of the mode conversion/branching portion, the object is disposed not to consecutively cover a section over a length of a predetermined value or higher in an advancing direction of a light wave.

A reconfigurable polarization rotator is formed of an array of very small liquid crystal (LC) cells (e.g., cells of less than 10 μm in width, termed “microcells”), referred to hereinafter as “microcells”. Each LC microcell is addressable by a separate electrical voltage input that independently controls the polarization rotation performed by the associated LC microcell. By defining a set of adjacent microcells to be held at the same voltage level, that group may be used to form a polarization rotator window of a proper size for a first fiber array configuration. When a fiber array of a different configuration (say, an array with twice the pitch) is used, a different-sized group of adjacent LC microcells is held at a common voltage level so as to form a reconfigured “window” of a new dimension.

An optoelectronic system includes a concentration layer, a modulation layer including an array of light modulators, an exit layer that receives the modulation layer output having a modulation layer output spatial distribution and remaps the modulation layer output spatial distribution to a modified spatial distribution. A collector layer receives the modified spatial distribution to produce a collector layer output. A detector receives the collector layer output. A processor controls the modulation layer and receives the detector output to generate an image. The collector layer can receive the modified spatial distribution at a plurality of collector layer inputs and combine the plurality of collector layer inputs at a collector layer output. Modulators can be configured to direct couple modulated light to a collector layer, without using an exit layer. Configurations with spatial light modulator modules and sub-modules are described.

An integral chip is disclosed by embodiments of the present disclosure, including: two mono-mode vertical coupling gratings, two modulation modules, one 2×1 multi-mode interference coupler, and one dual-mode vertical coupling grating. The integral chip is capable of operating in dual wavelengths and dual polarization states by combination of polarization multiplexing and wavelength division multiplexing so as to realize modulation of complex formats and to enhance data modulation rate.

In an optical modulator, a light-receiving element, and an output port are disposed in a substrate. In addition, at least a part of an electrical line, which electrically connects the light-receiving element and the output port to each other, is formed in the substrate. In addition, a plurality of the optical modulation sections are provided. In addition, among a plurality of the light-receiving elements which are provided to the optical modulation sections, at least one light-receiving element is disposed at a position different from positions of the other light-receiving elements in a light wave propagating direction. A plurality of the output ports are disposed in an arrangement in the light wave propagating direction in correspondence with an arrangement of the plurality of the light-receiving elements in the light wave propagating direction.

In an optical modulator, a light-receiving element (3a) that receives a light wave modulated in an optical modulation section (Ma) and a light-receiving element (3b) that receives a light wave modulated in an optical modulation section (Mb) are provided in a substrate. In addition, at least a part of an electrical line (4a) that guides a light-receiving signal output from the light-receiving element (3a) to an outer side of the substrate, and at least apart of an electrical line (4b) that guides a light-receiving signal form the light-receiving element (3b) to an outer side of the substrate are formed in the substrate. In addition, crosstalk suppression means (5), which suppress crosstalk between the electrical line (4a) and the electrical line (4b), is provided between the part of the electrical line (4a) and the part of the electrical line (4b) which are formed in the substrate.

A variable wavelength light source and an apparatus including the same are disclosed. The variable wavelength light source includes: a first waveguide; a second waveguide spaced apart from the first waveguide; a first optical amplifier including a first gain medium; and a second optical amplifier including a second gain medium that is different from the first gain medium.

An optical waveguide element includes: a substrate; and a plurality of optical waveguides causing light to turn between a first direction and a second direction that is an opposite direction of the first direction in a plane of the substrate, the plurality of optical waveguides includes first portions extending in the first direction with a predetermined distance therebetween, second portions extending in a third direction that is different from the first direction, and third portions extending in the second direction, and each of the plurality of optical waveguides except for the optical waveguide in which the second portion extending in the third direction is located on an innermost side in the first direction intersects, at the third portion, another optical waveguide in which the second portion extending in the third direction is located further inward in the first direction.

A liquid crystal panel and a cross-shaped spacer structure thereof are disclosed. The liquid crystal panel includes an array substrate, a color filter substrate, and a cross-shaped spacer structure sandwiched between the array substrate and the color filter substrate. The cross-shaped spacer structure includes a plurality of strip-like first spacers disposed on the upper surface of the array substrate and a plurality of strip-like second spacers disposed on the lower surface of the color filter substrate. The end surface of each one of the strip-like first spacers and the end surfaces of each three of the strip-like second spacers are abutted against each other in a cross manner. Thus, when the liquid crystal panel is impacted by external force, the strip-like first spacers and the strip-like second spacers can keep a tight abutment therebetween, so as to ensure the display quality of the liquid crystal panel.