Disclosed are an optical laminate and an optical display apparatus including the same. The optical laminate includes: a polarizer; and a retardation layer stacked on a light incidence surface of the polarizer, wherein the retardation layer includes a positive C layer, the positive C layer having an in-plane retardation of 0 nm to 30 nm and an out-of-plane retardation of −50 nm to −15 nm at a wavelength of 550 nm, and the in-plane retardation of the positive C layer at a wavelength of 550 nm and an absolute value of a tilted angle of a slow axis of the positive C layer with respect to a light absorption axis of the polarizer satisfy Relation 1.

An electrically controlled birefringence liquid crystal display device performs a normally black display. The display device includes a liquid crystal display panel including a liquid crystal layer and a reflective portion to reflect light that is incident through a display surface of the liquid crystal display panel and that passes through the liquid crystal layer, a first polarizing plate on the display surface, and a half-wavelength plate between the liquid crystal display panel and the first polarizing plate. A phase difference Δnd−1 of the liquid crystal layer is less than a half of a phase difference Δnd−2 of the half-wavelength plate. The phase difference Δnd−2 of the half-wavelength plate indicates a positively dispersive wavelength, and a low axis of the half-wavelength plate intersects with an orientation axis of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer under no electric field being applied. The liquid crystal layer has a birefringence index Δn indicating a positively dispersive wavelength.

A compound retarder that creates independent control of R.sub.e and R.sub.th. This can be done by forming a three-layer compound retarder, including a pair of matched −A-plates, combined with single +A-plate. The +A-plate is typically an MD-stretched film, with retardation that is specific to the in-plane requirements (R.sub.e) of the application. The pair of −A-plates have their optic axes crossed, such that R.sub.e=0, with an optic axis aligned parallel to the +A-plate. A single retardation value for the −A-plate can produce improved field-of-view performance over a broad range of R.sub.e values, making it a very practical means of universal compensation. While R.sub.th is typically associated with a single retarder, retarder stacks with a diverse range of optic-axis orientations can be considered to have a compound (or composite) R.sub.th value (R.sub.th.sup.c). The three-layer compound retarder has the practical benefit of enabling field-of-view compensation across a broad range of normal-incidence polarization transformations.

Polarization-based optical angle-filters disclosed herein can be engineered to transmit a prescribed amount of light as a function of incidence angle and azimuth. Such filters can transmit light without introducing artifacts, making them suitable for the image-path of an optical system. One example may include an angle-filter having an input circular polarizer, an analyzing circular polarizer, and a retarder positioned between the circular polarizers, the retarder having a thickness-direction retardation. The thickness-direction retardation of the retarder (R.sub.th) is selected to produce a prescribed angle-of-incidence dependent transmission function, and the circular polarizers reduce the amount of azimuth-dependence in the transmission function.

A transmittance-variable device is provided in the present application. The present application provides a transmittance-variable device, which can be applied to various applications without causing problems such as a crosstalk phenomenon, a rainbow phenomenon or a mirroring phenomenon, while having excellent transmittance-variable characteristics.

A phase difference compensation element, including: a transparent substrate; a first optical anisotropic layer that includes an inorganic material, and has a C-plate retardance; and a second optical anisotropic layer that includes an inorganic material, and includes an oblique angle vapor deposition film that does not have an O-plate retardance, wherein the phase difference compensation element including the first optical anisotropic layer and the second optical anisotropic layer in combination has a quasi-O-plate retardance.

A liquid crystal display panel (100) comprises a first polarizer (110) and a second polarizer (170), a first liquid crystal layer (130) disposed between the first polarizer (110) and the second polarizer (170), and an optical compensation layer (140) disposed between the first liquid crystal layer (130) and one of the first polarizer (110) and the second polarizer (170). A transmission axis of the first polarizer (110) is perpendicular to a transmission axis of the second polarizer (170). The first liquid crystal layer (130) includes first liquid crystal molecules (130′). An included angle (γ) between an orthographic projection of an optical axis of a first liquid crystal molecule (130′) on the first polarizer (110), which is perpendicular to an orthographic projection of an optical axis of the optical compensation layer (140) on the first polarizer (110), and the transmission axis of the first polarizer (110) is an acute angle,

An optical film includes a polarizer. The polarizer includes a base layer, and a material of the base layer is obtained by dyeing a base material with a dye. The base material includes a polyvinyl alcohol material, and the dye is selected from blue dichroism organic dyes.

In an electro-optical device, a first polarizing element, a first phase difference element, a transmissive liquid crystal panel, a second phase difference element, and a second polarizing element are sequentially arranged. Here, when a phase difference of the first phase difference element and the second phase difference element is λ/4, an influence of orientation disorder of liquid crystal molecules can be alleviated, but a contrast ratio is reduced. Therefore, when a wavelength of incident light is λ, a phase difference R of the first phase difference element and the second phase difference element satisfies the following condition that 0<R<λ/4, preferably λ/12<R<λ/6. For example, it is assumed that the phase difference R is λ/8.

A liquid crystal display panel includes: a first base, a second base disposed opposite to the first base, a liquid crystal layer and a first optical compensation layer that are disposed between the first base and the second base, and a second optical compensation layer disposed on a side of the first base away from the liquid crystal layer or on a side of the second base away from the liquid crystal layer. An orthogonal projection of an optic axis of the first optical compensation layer on the first base is parallel to orthogonal projections of optic axes of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer on the first base. An orthogonal projection of an optic axis of the second optical compensation layer on the first base is perpendicular to the orthogonal projection of the optic axis of the first optical compensation layer on the first base.