The present invention provides a satisfactory electrophotographic photosensitive member which satisfies wear resistance and electrical properties and further, with which image defects do not occur, a process for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and an electrophotographic apparatus and a process cartridge each including the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The electrophotographic photosensitive member the surface layer of which contains a copolymer of a polymerizable functional group-containing charge transporting substance and a particular polymerizable compound.

A thermally developable material comprising a support and having thereon at least one non-photosensitive carrier layer comprising: a binder comprising vinyl butyral repeat units and alcohol repeat units, an adhesion promoting compound comprising ester repeat units, and a crosslinker comprising isocyanate repeat units; and at least one thermally developable imaging layer comprising organic silver salt grains, light-sensitive silver halide grains, a reducing agent, a binder comprising hydroxyl and butryal repeat units, and a crosslinker comprising at least one isocyanate group.

A system and method for photo-thermal imaging of a lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) device are provided. The system includes an intensity modulated heat source directed at a surface of the LFA device to selectively excite chromophore particles of interest and a thermal capture device configured to capture thermal waves emitted from the surface of the LFA device as a radiometric signal. A computing device, in communication with the thermal capture device, receives the radiometric signal and executes lock-in demodulation to detect surface or subsurface inhomogeneities of the LFA device.

An imageable material can be used to form a mask element that in turn is useful for providing relief images such as in flexographic printing plates. The imageable material has, in order: (a) a transparent polymeric carrier sheet; (b) a non-ablatable light-to-heat converting having an average dry thickness of 1-5 m and comprising: (i) an infrared radiation absorbing material at 0.1-5 weight %; (ii) a thermally crosslinked organic polymeric binder material; and (iii) non-thermally ablatable particles having an average particle size of 0.1-20 m in an amount of 0.2-10 weight %; and (c) a non-silver halide thermally-ablatable imaging layer (IL) disposed on the LTHC layer, the IL comprising a second infrared radiation absorbing material and a UV-light absorbing material dispersed within one or more thermally-ablatable polymeric binder materials.

A thermographic substrate assembly includes a colorant and a flexible substrate. This assembly also contains a thermosensitive layer, and the thermosensitive layer contains an elastomeric binder and a multiplicity of voids

A method is used to prepare silver nanoparticles in the form of a silver nanoparticle cellulosic polymeric composite. A cellulosic polymer, organic solvent having a boiling point at atmospheric pressure of 100 C. to 500 C. and a Hansen parameter (.sub.T.sup.Polymer) equal to or greater than that of the cellulosic polymer, and a nitrogenous base are mixed to form a premix solution. Upon heating the premix solution to a temperature of at least 75 C., a solution of reducible silver ions is added that is equimolar or less in relation to the nitrogenous base. The weight ratio of reducible silver ions to the cellulosic polymer is 5:1 to 50:1. The resulting silver nanoparticle composite is cooled, isolated, and re-dispersed in an organic solvent, providing a non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion comprising the silver nanoparticle cellulosic polymeric composite.

An imageable material can be used to form a mask element that in turn is useful for providing relief images such as in flexographic printing plates. The imageable material has, in order: (a) a transparent polymeric carrier sheet; (b) a non-ablatable light-to-heat converting having an average dry thickness of 1-5 m and comprising: (i) an infrared radiation absorbing material at 0.1-5 weight %; (ii) a thermally crosslinked organic polymeric binder material; and (iii) non-thermally ablatable particles having an average particle size of 0.1-20 m in an amount of 0.2-10 weight %; and (c) a non-silver halide thermally-ablatable imaging layer (IL) disposed on the LTHC layer, the IL comprising a second infrared radiation absorbing material and a UV-light absorbing material dispersed within one or more thermally-ablatable polymeric binder materials.

Provided is a thermally-developable photosensitive material having a support, an image forming layer, which contains at least a photosensitive silver halide, a non-photosensitive organic silver salt, a reducing agent, and a binder, on one surface of the support, and a non-photosensitive back layer on the other surface of the support, in which either the image forming layer or the image forming layer and the non-photosensitive back layer contain an infrared absorbing dye which absorbs at least infrared having a wavelength equal to or longer than 700 nm. Also provided is a manufacturing method of the thermally-developable photosensitive material.

A system and method for photo-thermal imaging of a lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) device are provided. The system includes an intensity modulated heat source directed at a surface of the LFA device to selectively excite chromophore particles of interest and a thermal capture device configured to capture thermal waves emitted from the surface of the LFA device as a radiometric signal. A computing device, in communication with the thermal capture device, receives the radiometric signal and executes lock-in demodulation to detect surface or subsurface inhomogeneities of the LFA device.

A method is used to prepare silver nanoparticles in the form of a silver nanoparticle cellulosic polymeric composite. A cellulosic polymer, organic solvent having a boiling point at atmospheric pressure of 100 C. to 500 C. and a Hansen parameter (.sub.T.sup.Polymer) equal to or greater than that of the cellulosic polymer, and a nitrogenous base are mixed to form a premix solution. Upon heating the premix solution to a temperature of at least 75 C., a solution of reducible silver ions is added that is equimolar or less in relation to the nitrogenous base. The weight ratio of reducible silver ions to the cellulosic polymer is 5:1 to 50:1. The resulting silver nanoparticle composite is cooled, isolated, and re-dispersed in an organic solvent, providing a non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion comprising the silver nanoparticle cellulosic polymeric composite.