An image forming apparatus includes a cartridge and a main body into which the cartridge is removably installed. The cartridge includes a first unit and a second unit that is movably connected to the first unit. The main body includes a rotating member, a supporting member disposed at a position away from the rotating member, and a swingable member that is pivotally movable about the supporting member and configured to be moved by the rotating member. The swingable member is movable between a first position at which the swingable member is in contact with the second unit and a second position at which the swingable member is retracted from the first position. Installation and removal of the cartridge into and from the main body is enabled in a state where the swingable member is at the first position and is supported by the rotating member.

An image forming apparatus includes a cartridge and a main body into which the cartridge is removably installed. The cartridge includes a first unit and a second unit that is movably connected to the first unit. The main body includes a rotating member, a supporting member disposed at a position away from the rotating member, and a swingable member that is pivotally movable about the supporting member and configured to be moved by the rotating member. The swingable member is movable between a first position at which the swingable member is in contact with the second unit and a second position at which the swingable member is retracted from the first position. Installation and removal of the cartridge into and from the main body is enabled in a state where the swingable member is at the first position and is supported by the rotating member.

An apparatus and method for use in generating a print job for an offset printing apparatus. The method comprising determining a print job to be printed on the offset printer comprises an odd number of separations, and in response to determining that the print job comprises an odd number of separations, alternating a print order of at least two separations between odd and even pages of the print job.

To provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member which does not cause film exfoliation in long-term use. An electrophotographic photosensitive member, having: a support; a layered photosensitive layer; and a protective layer in this order, wherein the protective layer is a single layer, the protective layer includes: at least two specific structures, the two specific structures are included in the protective layer at a mass ratio of 20% or more and 240% or less, and a peak area based on in-plane deformation vibration of terminal olefin (CH.sub.2) of the protective layer and a peak area based on stretching vibration of CO of acryloyloxy groups, the peak areas being determined by total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy under conditions where an internal reflection element is Ge, and an incidence angle is 45, have a fixed relationship.

To provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member which does not cause film exfoliation in long-term use. An electrophotographic photosensitive member, having: a support; a layered photosensitive layer; and a protective layer in this order, wherein the protective layer is a single layer, the protective layer includes: at least two specific structures, the two specific structures are included in the protective layer at a mass ratio of 20% or more and 240% or less, and a peak area based on in-plane deformation vibration of terminal olefin (CH.sub.2) of the protective layer and a peak area based on stretching vibration of CO of acryloyloxy groups, the peak areas being determined by total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy under conditions where an internal reflection element is Ge, and an incidence angle is 45, have a fixed relationship.

An image forming apparatus is configured to execute a first image forming mode, in which an image is formed by forming toner images on a first photosensitive member and a second photosensitive member, and a second image forming mode, in which an image is formed by releasing the first photosensitive member from an outer peripheral surface of an intermediate transfer member and bringing the second photosensitive member into abutment against the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer member. A control unit is configured to set a potential difference, which is a difference between an absolute value of a dark point potential of the second photosensitive member and an absolute value of a direct current component of a developing bias, to be lower in a case of the second image forming mode than in a case of the first image forming mode.

An apparatus and method for use in generating a print job for an offset printing apparatus. The method comprising determining a print job to be printed on the offset printer comprises an odd number of separations, and in response to determining that the print job comprises an odd number of separations, alternating a print order of at least two separations between odd and even pages of the print job.

An image forming apparatus is configured to execute a first image forming mode, in which an image is formed by forming toner images on a first photosensitive member and a second photosensitive member, and a second image forming mode, in which an image is formed by releasing the first photosensitive member from an outer peripheral surface of an intermediate transfer member and bringing the second photosensitive member into abutment against the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer member. A control unit is configured to set a potential difference, which is a difference between an absolute value of a dark point potential of the second photosensitive member and an absolute value of a direct current component of a developing bias, to be smaller in a case of a second image forming mode than in a case of a first image forming mode.

According to one example, there is provided an electrostatic printer. The printer includes a photoconductor member, an imaging unit to generate a latent electrostatic image on the photoconductor member, a developer unit including a colored toner, the developer unit to develop a colored toner image on the photoconductor member using an associated base developer voltage, and a controller. The controller is to obtain image data including color separation data representing a variant of the colored toner, to control the imaging unit to generate a latent electrostatic image on the photoconductor member in accordance with the obtained color separation data, to determine a variant developer voltage corresponding to the variant of the colored toner, and to control the developer unit to develop a toner image on the photoconductor member using the variant developer voltage to develop a toner image corresponding to the variant of the colored toner.

A developing cartridge includes: a casing; a developing roller; a storage medium; a first holder; a second holder; and a coupling. The developing roller is positioned at one end portion of the casing in a first direction. The first holder has an outer surface at which an electrical contact surface of the storage medium is held. The second holder is positioned away from the first holder in a direction crossing the electrical contact surface. The first holder and the second holder are movable relative to the casing and the coupling between a first position and a second position in the first direction. The second position is closer to the developing roller than the first position. A portion of the coupling is positioned between the first holder and the second holder in a case where the first holder and the second holder are positioned at the second position.