An image forming apparatus includes: a transfer cylinder that is supported on an image forming apparatus body and rotates; a rotating member that is coaxial with the transfer cylinder and rotates integrally with the transfer cylinder; a circulating member that is provided with a holding part that holds a front end portion of a recording medium, is suspended around the rotating member, and transports the recording medium by circulating as the rotating member rotates; a transfer unit that is supported on the image forming apparatus body and has a transfer belt that transfers an image on a recording medium transported by the circulating member by sandwiching the recording medium together with the transfer cylinder at a nip position; a first image forming part that is supported on the image forming apparatus body and forms the image on the transfer belt; and a second image forming part that is supported on the image forming apparatus body at a position lower than the first image forming part and forms the image on the transfer belt. Mass of the second image forming part is larger than mass of the first image forming part.

A transfer unit includes first and second rollers, a roller switching mechanism, and upstream-side and downstream-side guides. The second roller is arranged downstream of the first roller in the conveyance direction of the recording medium. The roller switching mechanism selectively arranges the first or second roller at a reference position to form a transfer nip. The upstream-side and downstream-side guides are respectively arranged upstream and downstream of the transfer nip in the conveyance direction of the recording member. When the first roller moves to the reference position by the roller switching mechanism, the second roller moves to a first retracted position behind the downstream-side guide, and when the second roller moves to the reference position by the roller switching mechanism, the first roller moves to a second retracted position behind the upstream-side guide.

A transfer belt includes: an elastic layer, wherein the transfer belt is used to transfer a toner image onto a recording medium, the toner image being carried on a first main surface which is one of a pair of main exposed surfaces including the first main surface and a second main surface, when, using a lower block and an upper block, the transfer belt is placed on an upper surface of the lower block, a part of the transfer belt is interposed between a curved convex surface and a curved concave surface, and a pressed region reaches a pressing force of 200 [kPa] and is constantly pressed by the pressing force, if “a” represents a maximum value of displacement of a measurement region, and “b” represents displacement of the measurement region after convergence, E [−] calculated by (a−b)/b satisfies a condition of 0.2≦E≦3.

An image forming apparatus includes image forming units. A controller includes an execution section, a measurement section, and a prediction section. The execution section controls execution of a developer refresh operation in which toner is ejected from a developer bearing member to an image bearing member so that a specific image forming unit replenishes a development device with the toner from the developer bearing member. The measurement section measures respective surface potentials of the image bearing members included in other image forming units while the specific image forming unit is executing the developer refresh operation. The prediction section uses measurement results of the respective surface potentials of the image bearing members included in the other image forming units for a prediction on the surface potential of the image bearing member included in the specific image forming unit.

An image forming apparatus is capable of being attached with a toner supply container. The toner supply container stores a toner that is to be supplied to a developing portion. An attachment location of the toner supply container isbelow a light scanning portion in a vertical direction.

A processor causes a printing portion to execute test image transfer processing for transferring a plurality of test toner images onto an area outside a secondary transfer area on a surface of an intermediate transfer member, and secondary voltage stop processing for stopping a supply of a secondary transfer voltage. The processor acquires a plurality of first sensing densities. The processor causes the printing portion to execute the test image transfer processing and secondary voltage supply processing for supplying the secondary transfer voltage. The processor acquires a plurality of second sensing densities. The processor compares the plurality of first sensing densities and the plurality of second sensing densities to determine a state of a toner charging amount in each of the plurality of test toner images.

A white toner for electrostatic image development contains white toner particles that contain a binder resin and a white pigment and satisfy condition 1 below:

condition 1: a grain size distribution index GSD.sub.vL of the white toner particles satisfies formula (1) below, and a ratio of a number of white toner particles having a diameter of 3 μm or less to a total number of white toner particles is 1% by number or more and less than 6% by number:

1.2≤GSD.sub.vL(=D.sub.84v/D.sub.50v)≤1.5   formula (1):

(in formula (1), D.sub.84v is a particle diameter at which a cumulative frequency cumulated from a small diameter side in a volume-based particle size distribution is 84%, and D.sub.50v is a particle diameter at which the cumulative frequency cumulated from the small diameter side in the volume-based particle size distribution is 50%).

An image processing apparatus includes a processor configured to: store a first color patch used in using metallic toner and a second color patch used in using CMYK toner other than the metallic toner without using the metallic toner; receive a first colorimetric value obtained by measuring color of the first color patch and a second colorimetric value obtained by measuring color of the second color patch; calculate a third colorimetric value on a basis of the first colorimetric value obtained by measuring the color of the first color patch and the second colorimetric value obtained by measuring the color of the second color patch, and generate a profile to be used to convert an input color value into an output color value, the profile being generated on a basis of the third colorimetric value; and calculate the third colorimetric value that ranges from the first colorimetric value to the second colorimetric value in response to a total amount of CMYK toner being lower than or equal to a threshold, the total amount of the CMYK toner resulting from color conversion of the input color value performed by using the profile, and calculate the third colorimetric value that coincides with the first colorimetric value in response to the total amount exceeding the threshold.

A driving device includes: a frame disposed in the driving device to support a driven unit driven by the driving device, the frame including a first portion, a distance from which to an outer wall of an accommodation device that accommodates the driving device is shorter, and a second portion, a distance from which to the outer wall is longer than the distance from the first portion to the outer wall; and a driving unit disposed between the second portion and the outer wall, at least a part of the driving unit being away from the outer wall by the distance between the first portion and the outer wall or more.

A recording device includes a recording unit configured to perform recording on a medium, a transporting belt configured to transport the medium, the transporting belt including a surface on which the medium is able to be supported, a washing unit configured to wash the surface using a liquid, an ultrasonic sensor configured to transmit an ultrasonic wave onto the surface and receive the ultrasonic wave reflected from the surface, and a control unit configured to determine a remaining state of the liquid on the surface based on a result of detection by the ultrasonic sensor, in which the ultrasonic sensor transmits the ultrasonic wave onto at least part of the transporting belt, from downstream of the washing unit to upstream of the recording unit, in a rotation direction of the transporting belt.