An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable image bearing member, a developing member to develop an electrostatic latent image at a developing portion, a transfer member to transfer a developer image to a recording member at a transfer portion; and a brush provided with a plurality of base materials contacting the image bearing member at downstream of the transfer portion and upstream of the developing portion in a rotational direction of the image bearing member. The developer remaining on the surface of the image bearing member is collected in the developing portion. An average distance between base materials of the brush with respect to a rotational axis direction of the image bearing member is larger than an average particle diameter of the developer, and is equal to or less than a length corresponding to a special frequency visually recognizable by a user when the image formed by the image forming apparatus is observed by the user.

An image forming apparatus includes: a rotating body having a recess in an outer peripheral surface thereof; a transfer portion that is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body, the transfer portion being configured to transfer a toner to a recording medium passing between the rotating body and the transfer portion; and a brush configured to come into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body to remove a toner adhering to the outer peripheral surface.

A sheet containing system includes a containing member, a feed device, an ascending device, and a powder applying device. The containing member has a wall portion and is to contain a sheet. The feed device feeds the sheet to an outside of the containing member. The ascending device moves up the sheet contained in the containing member toward the feed device. The powder applying device is provided in the wall portion disposed on a downstream side in the containing member in a transport direction of the sheet. The powder applying device applies powder to an end portion of the sheet on the downstream side in the transport direction of the sheet.

A sheet containing system includes a containing member, a feed device, an ascending device, and a powder applying device. The containing member has a wall portion and is to contain a sheet. The feed device feeds the sheet to an outside of the containing member. The ascending device moves up the sheet contained in the containing member toward the feed device. The powder applying device is provided in the wall portion disposed on a downstream side in the containing member in a transport direction of the sheet. The powder applying device applies powder to an end portion of the sheet on the downstream side in the transport direction of the sheet.

An electrophotographic developer is provided that includes a carrier and a pulverized toner. The carrier includes a core material particle and a coating layer coating the core material particle, and has an internal void ratio of 0.0% or more and less than 2.0%. The pulverized toner includes a polyester resin, an aromatic petroleum resin, and a hydrocarbon wax, and an addition amount of the aromatic petroleum resin is 2 parts by mass or more and 15 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the pulverized toner.