Apparatus is described which, in use, applies a thin film of a wetting agent, such as water or a water-based solution, onto paper or other print medium before applying a liquid toner. The wetting agent is applied at a predetermined distance from an image transfer area. The wetting agent acts to promote adhesion of the liquid toner to the print medium. The adhesion of the liquid toner to the print medium is further improved by supplying the wetting agent at a temperature higher than room temperature.

A liquid electrophotographic ink developer comprises a developer roller (112) rotatable about an axis, first and second electrodes (108, 110) proximate the developer roller (112) and an inlet chamber (100) extending along the axis from a first end adjacent an inlet opening (122) to a second end opposite the first end. A neck (104) forms an uninterrupted ink flow path from the inlet chamber (100) to the developer roller (112).

An application device includes an application roller to apply a treatment liquid to a sheet medium and multiple conveyance roller pairs to convey the sheet medium from an upstream side to a downstream side of the application roller. The multiple conveyance roller pairs define a conveyance path of the sheet medium and include a downstream conveyance roller pair adjacent to the application roller on the downstream side along the conveyance path. The downstream conveyance roller pair includes two rollers having a length equal to or longer than a width of the sheet medium and a nip force applying member that applies a nip force to one of the two rollers to nip the sheet medium with the two rollers in a width direction of the sheet medium.

A printing apparatus is described in which a guide member biases a printing substrate with a layer of printing fluid toward an electrode array with a plurality of electrodes. Processing circuitry determines a dryness of the layer of printing fluid based on an output of the electrode array when the plurality of electrodes is in electrical contact with the printing substrate.

A solid particle aerosol development device form fogs of solid (e.g., frozen) fountain solution particles that are charged, and brings the charged solid fountain solution particles into proximity of an electrostatic charged image pattern on a imaging member's charge retentive surface. The charged solid fountain solution particles bond to the charge retentive surface at the charged image pattern to develop that image into a fountain solution latent image. The solid particle aerosol development devices produce solid fountain solution particles to develop electrostatic latent images while mitigating issues of evaporation and vapor production, and thus may apply fine films of fountain solution which may otherwise evaporate. In examples, the fountain solution aerosol development devices may include an anilox member, a metering member in contact with the anilox member, a fountain solution reservoir, a particle charger and a particle delivery baffle.

A solid particle aerosol development device form fogs of solid (e.g., frozen) fountain solution particles that are charged, and brings the charged solid fountain solution particles into proximity of an electrostatic charged image pattern on a imaging member's charge retentive surface. The charged solid fountain solution particles bond to the charge retentive surface at the charged image pattern to develop that image into a fountain solution latent image. The solid particle aerosol development devices produce solid fountain solution particles to develop electrostatic latent images while mitigating issues of evaporation and vapor production, and thus may apply fine films of fountain solution which may otherwise evaporate. In examples, the fountain solution aerosol development devices may include an anilox member, a metering member in contact with the anilox member, a fountain solution reservoir, a particle charger and a particle delivery baffle.

During a print cycle of a print apparatus, a liquid print agent including a carrier fluid is applied to a photoconductive surface. A proportion of the carrier fluid in the liquid print agent on the photoconductive surface is reduced at a first location by removably collecting a portion of the carrier fluid from the liquid print agent applied to the photoconductive surface. During a non-print cycle of the print apparatus, the removably collected portion of the carrier fluid is added to the photoconductive surface at the first location.

A binary printing fluid developer assembly may include a developer roller to receive a printing fluid and transfer a portion of the printing fluid to a photoconductive member; a number of electrodes to create an electrical potential bias between the number of electrodes and the developer roller; a cleaner roller to remove an amount of printing fluid from the developer roller; and a sponge roller to clean the cleaner roller wherein a gap is maintained between the sponge roller and the number of electrodes.

Ink-based digital printing systems useful for ink printing include a photoreceptor layer configured to receive a layer of liquid immersion fluid. The liquid immersion fluid includes dampening fluid, dispersed gas particles, and charge directors that impart charge to the solid particles. The photoreceptor surface is charged to a uniform potential, and selectively discharged using an ROS according to image data to form an electrostatic latent image. The charged liquid immersion fluid adheres to portions of the photoreceptor surface according to the electrostatic latent image to form a fountain solution image. The fluid portion of the fountain solution image can be partially transferred to an imaging member and/or transfer member to form a dampening fluid image, either or both of which may be electrically biased. The dampening fluid image is inked on the transfer member, and the resulting ink image transferred to a print substrate.

In one example of the disclosure, a set of scanned images is accessed. The scanned images are scans of distinct printouts of subject images produced utilizing an intermediate transfer member. A set of defect maps is created by comparing the scanned images to reference data for the subject images. The set of defect maps are combined into an integrated defect map. A dent defect on the ITM is identified utilizing the integrated defect map.