An image forming apparatus includes: a transfer cylinder that is supported on an image forming apparatus body and rotates; a rotating member that is coaxial with the transfer cylinder and rotates integrally with the transfer cylinder; a circulating member that is provided with a holding part that holds a front end portion of a recording medium, is suspended around the rotating member, and transports the recording medium by circulating as the rotating member rotates; a transfer unit that is supported on the image forming apparatus body and has a transfer belt that transfers an image on a recording medium transported by the circulating member by sandwiching the recording medium together with the transfer cylinder at a nip position; a first image forming part that is supported on the image forming apparatus body and forms the image on the transfer belt; and a second image forming part that is supported on the image forming apparatus body at a position lower than the first image forming part and forms the image on the transfer belt. Mass of the second image forming part is larger than mass of the first image forming part.

In an example of the disclosure, service rotation of a drum along a longitudinal axis of the drum is caused. The service rotation is to apply a centrifugal force upon a liquid held by the drum. The centrifugal force pushes gas bubbles in the drum away from a curved surface of the drum and towards the longitudinal drum axis. The gas bubbles evacuate from the drum via an outlet tube positioned adjacent to the longitudinal drum axis. A production rotation of the drum is caused after the service rotation.

In an example of the disclosure, service rotation of a drum along a longitudinal axis of the drum is caused. The service rotation is to apply a centrifugal force upon a liquid held by the drum. The centrifugal force pushes gas bubbles in the drum away from a curved surface of the drum and towards the longitudinal drum axis. The gas bubbles evacuate from the drum via an outlet tube positioned adjacent to the longitudinal drum axis. A production rotation of the drum is caused after the service rotation.

An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a transfer rotating body, a feeding means and a control means that controls a feeding speed of a recording material in a feeding portion at the feeding means. Wherein a first timing is a timing during when a rear end of the recording material with respect to a feeding direction passes through a transferring portion and a second timing is a timing when the rear end of the recording material is separated from the image bearing member after passing through the transferring portion, the control means can control the feeding means for one recording material so that a feeding speed of the recording material at the second timing in the feeding portion becomes faster than that of at the first timing in the feeding portion.

A jacket includes: a first layer that is on a cylinder body side when the jacket is attached to a rotating cylinder body; and a second layer that is a layer located on a side opposite to the cylinder body with respect to the first layer, has a hardness lower than that of the first layer, and does not exist at a position where at least one of end edges of the cylinder body in a rotation axis direction is located inward of the first layer in the rotation axis direction.

According to one embodiment, an image forming apparatus includes an apparatus body, a transfer unit body, a transfer counter roller, a transfer belt, a side cover, a transfer roller, a shaft end member, and a holding member. The side cover is opened and closed with respect to the apparatus body. The transfer roller is supported by the side cover, moves between an abutting position at which the transfer roller comes into contact with the transfer belt and interposes the transfer belt along with the transfer counter roller and a separate position at which the transfer roller is separated from the transfer belt. The shaft end member is provided at a shaft end of the transfer roller. The holding member is provided in the transfer unit body, holds the shaft end member at the abutting position, and opens the shaft end member at the separate position.

A jacket includes: a first layer that is on a cylinder body side when the jacket is attached to a rotating cylinder body; and a second layer that is a layer located on a side opposite to the cylinder body with respect to the first layer, has a hardness lower than that of the first layer, and does not exist at a position where at least one of end edges of the cylinder body in a rotation axis direction is located inward of the first layer in the rotation axis direction.

In one example, a device comprises an image transfer member, a platen to form a first nip with the image transfer member, a photo imaging plate to form a second nip with the image transfer member, and a controller to determine first information relating to a characteristic of the first nip, and to determine second information for use in adjusting a relative position of the photo imaging plate and the image transfer member on the basis of the first information.

An image forming apparatus includes: a rotating body having a recess in an outer peripheral surface thereof; a transfer portion that is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body, the transfer portion being configured to transfer a toner to a recording medium passing between the rotating body and the transfer portion; and a brush configured to come into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body to remove a toner adhering to the outer peripheral surface.

In one example, a device comprises an image transfer member, a platen to form a first nip with the image transfer member, a photo imaging plate to form a second nip with the image transfer member, and a controller to determine first information relating to a characteristic of the first nip, and to determine second information for use in adjusting a relative position of the photo imaging plate and the image transfer member on the basis of the first information.