An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive member, a charging member, an electrostatic image forming portion, a developing member, a transfer member, a transfer voltage source, a brush member, a brush voltage source, and a controller capable of executing a cleaning operation. The controller carries out control so that the cleaning operation includes a first operation in which a potential difference is formed between the transfer member and the photosensitive member so that toner charged to a normal charge polarity is moved from the transfer member toward the photosensitive member, and a second operation in which a potential difference is formed between the brush member and the photosensitive member so that the toner charged to the normal charge polarity is moved from the photosensitive member toward the brush member.

Provided is a toner transfer device including: a carrier device that includes a surface on which a charged toner is carried; an electrode that attracts the toner from the surface of the carrier device; a conveyance path of a print medium which is formed between the carrier device and the electrode; and a power supply device that causes a potential difference to occur between the carrier device and the electrode to transfer the toner from the carrier device onto the print medium when the print medium is located in the conveyance path.

A recording device includes a recording unit configured to perform recording on a medium, a transporting belt configured to transport the medium, the transporting belt including a surface on which the medium is able to be supported, a washing unit configured to wash the surface using a liquid, an ultrasonic sensor configured to transmit an ultrasonic wave onto the surface and receive the ultrasonic wave reflected from the surface, and a control unit configured to determine a remaining state of the liquid on the surface based on a result of detection by the ultrasonic sensor, in which the ultrasonic sensor transmits the ultrasonic wave onto at least part of the transporting belt, from downstream of the washing unit to upstream of the recording unit, in a rotation direction of the transporting belt.

An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable photosensitive member, a charging member, an exposure unit, a developing member, a developing voltage applying portion, a transfer member, a first transfer voltage applying portion, a second transfer voltage applying portion, a common power source, and a controller. The controller carries out control so as to execute an image forming operation, and a non-image forming operation and so as to execute, as the non-image forming operation, a cleaning operation. The controller controls a change in output of the common power source so that a value of a voltage applied from the developing voltage applying portion to the developing member during the cleaning operation is made different from a value of a voltage applied from the developing voltage applying portion to the developing member during formation of the toner image.

An image forming apparatus includes: an annular transfer belt to which an image is transferred; a transfer roller that transfers an image to a recording medium when the recording medium passes through a transfer area formed between the transfer roller and the transfer belt; a drive mechanism that causes the transfer roller to rotate; and a speed adjustment mechanism that adjusts a rotational speed of the transfer roller achieved by the drive mechanism in units of a cycle of the transfer roller, and switches between a first adjustment pattern and a second adjustment pattern to execute switched adjustment pattern in a cycle including a state in which the transfer roller transports the recording medium, the first adjustment pattern for adjusting the rotational speed of the transfer roller, the second adjustment pattern for adjusting the rotational speed of the transfer roller with a pattern different from the first adjustment pattern.

An image forming apparatus includes an image forming portion, a belt unit including a cleaning unit and an opposing roller, and a swinging mechanism. The swinging mechanism includes a swingable member which is provided in a position different from a rotation center of the opposing roller while holding the opposing roller and the cleaning unit without changing a relative positional relationship between the opposing roller and the cleaning unit and which is swingable about a swing axis.

In an example of the disclosure, service rotation of a drum along a longitudinal axis of the drum is caused. The service rotation is to apply a centrifugal force upon a liquid held by the drum. The centrifugal force pushes gas bubbles in the drum away from a curved surface of the drum and towards the longitudinal drum axis. The gas bubbles evacuate from the drum via an outlet tube positioned adjacent to the longitudinal drum axis. A production rotation of the drum is caused after the service rotation.

In an example of the disclosure, service rotation of a drum along a longitudinal axis of the drum is caused. The service rotation is to apply a centrifugal force upon a liquid held by the drum. The centrifugal force pushes gas bubbles in the drum away from a curved surface of the drum and towards the longitudinal drum axis. The gas bubbles evacuate from the drum via an outlet tube positioned adjacent to the longitudinal drum axis. A production rotation of the drum is caused after the service rotation.

An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable image bearing member, a developing member, a transfer member, and a brush contacting a surface of the image bearing member in a contact portion downstream of a transfer portion and upstream of a developing portion with respect to a rotational direction of the image bearing member. The toner which is not transferred onto a toner image receiving member is collected by the developing member. In a charging series, the toner is positioned on the same side as a normal charge polarity of the toner relative to the brush. In the contact portion, a maximum value of a contact pressure of 0.7 gf/mm.sup.2 or more and 3.5 gf/mm.sup.2 or less, a maximum contact area ratio is 18% or more and 74% or less, and a Clark-Evans index of the brush is 1 or more.

An image forming apparatus includes a chassis having an opening, a cover, photosensitive members, an intermediate transfer belt, a primary-transfer member, a secondary-transfer roller, a cleaner device, an external-sheet inlet, a waste toner container, a connector, and a conveying roller, which is arranged within the feeding path to feed the recording sheet inserted through the external-sheet inlet in the feeding path. The conveying roller is mounted on the waste toner container and removable from the chassis along with the waste toner container.