An information processing apparatus that makes it possible to obtain a result of prediction of a consumption degree (remaining amount) of a consumable at a desired timing. The information processing apparatus is capable of communicating with an image forming apparatus that forms an image using toner supplied from a toner container mounted thereon. A reception unit receives first information on a consumption amount of the toner by the image forming apparatus. A controller acquires date information on a designated date, and determines second information on a consumption amount of the toner by the designated date, based on the first information in an amount corresponding to a predetermined number of days before a certain day before the designated date.

A server apparatus including a first communication device and a first computing device. The first communication device communicates with an image forming apparatus via a network. The first computing device includes a processor, and acts as a data acquirer, a dimension reduction processor, and a residual service life calculator, when the processor executes a first control program. The data acquirer acquires observation data of a first number of dimensions from the image forming apparatus, via the first communication device. The dimension reduction processor converts the observation data of the first number of dimensions into characteristic data of a second number of dimensions fewer than the first number of dimensions. The residual service life calculator calculates a residual service life of a replaceable unit in the image forming apparatus, on a basis of the characteristic data.

There is provided an image forming system including at least a first image forming apparatus that includes a first image forming unit and an obtaining unit configured to obtain operation-related information related to an operation of the first image forming unit. The image forming system further includes a carryover unit configured to carry over, to a second image forming apparatus, information related to an operation of a second image forming unit of the second image forming apparatus among the operation-related information obtained by the first image forming apparatus when the second image forming apparatus is newly used in the image forming system. The operation-related information includes operation history information of the first image forming unit.

There is provided an image forming system including at least a first image forming apparatus that includes a first image forming unit and an obtaining unit configured to obtain operation-related information related to an operation of the first image forming unit. The image forming system further includes a carryover unit configured to carry over, to a second image forming apparatus, information related to an operation of a second image forming unit of the second image forming apparatus among the operation-related information obtained by the first image forming apparatus when the second image forming apparatus is newly used in the image forming system. The operation-related information includes operation history information of the first image forming unit.

In response to detecting that a remaining supply of print material of a first cartridge has reached a first threshold, a printing device transmits a request. In response to detecting that a second cartridge has replaced the first cartridge, the printing device determines whether the remaining supply had reached a second threshold and whether a token permitting usage of the second cartridge was received responsive to the request. In response to determining that the remaining supply had reached the second threshold and that the token was received, the printing device prints with print material from the second cartridge.

A management system includes a plurality of image forming apparatuses and a management apparatus connectable to a device of each image forming apparatus via a network. The management system includes a detection unit that detects a condition of the image forming apparatus, a storage unit that stores condition information acquired by the detection unit detecting the condition, a transmission unit that transmits the condition information stored in the storage unit to the management apparatus, and a display unit that displays information. The display unit displays, on a same screen, data calculated from pieces of condition information of the plurality of image forming apparatuses transmitted to the management apparatus, and the condition information stored in the storage unit.

An image forming system includes an image forming and a server. The image forming device includes a controller configured to operate in accordance with a normal mode or a contract mode. The server is configured to perform transmitting, to the image forming device, an operation mode changing instruction to set an operation mode of the controller to one of a normal mode or a contract mode in accordance with an operation mode changing request. The image forming device is configured to set the operation mode in accordance with the operation mode setting instruction.

A temperature control device according to one embodiment includes a temperature estimation unit, a comparison unit, and an energization control unit. The temperature estimation unit estimates a temperature of an object based on energization of elements related to temperature control of the object. The comparison unit compares a difference between a detected temperature of the object and an estimated temperature of the object. If the difference exceeds a reference value, the energization control unit stops energizing the elements related to the temperature control of the object.

A server apparatus including a first communication device and a first computing device. The first communication device communicates with an image forming apparatus via a network. The first computing device includes a processor, and acts as a data acquirer, a dimension reduction processor, and a residual service life calculator, when the processor executes a first control program. The data acquirer acquires observation data of a first number of dimensions from the image forming apparatus, via the first communication device. The dimension reduction processor converts the observation data of the first number of dimensions into characteristic data of a second number of dimensions fewer than the first number of dimensions. The residual service life calculator calculates a residual service life of a replaceable unit in the image forming apparatus, on a basis of the characteristic data.

An information processing apparatus and system, and a method and a medium storing a program, furnish a server with non-time series data. The image forming apparatus obtains time series data of a predetermined type regarding the information processing apparatus, generates, based on the obtained time series data, the non-time series data, which is smaller in data size than the obtained time series data, and transmits the generated non-time series data directly or indirectly to the server. The server inputs the received non-time series data to a predetermined learning model, which outputs prediction information regarding the information processing apparatus.