An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable image bearing member, a developing member to develop an electrostatic latent image at a developing portion, a transfer member to transfer a developer image to a recording member at a transfer portion; and a brush provided with a plurality of base materials contacting the image bearing member at downstream of the transfer portion and upstream of the developing portion in a rotational direction of the image bearing member. The developer remaining on the surface of the image bearing member is collected in the developing portion. An average distance between base materials of the brush with respect to a rotational axis direction of the image bearing member is larger than an average particle diameter of the developer, and is equal to or less than a length corresponding to a special frequency visually recognizable by a user when the image formed by the image forming apparatus is observed by the user.

An image forming apparatus includes an image forming portion including a photosensitive member and a developing portion configured to develop, with toner, an electrostatic latent image formed on the photosensitive member, the image forming portion being configured to form an image on the sheet, a first frame including an upper space supporting the image forming portion and a lower space under the upper space, an accommodating portion configured to accommodate the sheet, a feeding portion configured to feed the sheet accommodated in the accommodating portion, and a supply container configured to contain the toner to be supplied to the developing portion of the image forming portion. The accommodating portion and the feeding portion are provided in the lower space and, alternatively, the supply container is provided in the lower space together with a second frame which is mountable to a lower portion of the first frame.

An electrophotographic image forming system forms an electrostatic latent image on at least a photoreceptor, develops an image using an electrostatic charge image developing toner, and removes the toner using a cleaning blade. A tip ridge of the cleaning blade is pressed against a surface of the photoreceptor. The system includes a photosensitive layer of the photoreceptor and a surface protecting layer that is provided on a surface of the photosensitive layer. The surface protecting layer includes a polymerizable monomer having at least two polymerizable groups in a molecule and a polymer of a hole transporting compound having a polymerizable group represented by General formula (1). The tip ridge of the cleaning blade has an edge angle that is obtuse and less than 120° and is pressed against the surface of the photoreceptor at an effective contact angle that is in a range of 8 to 20°.

##STR00001##

The present application discloses an image formation apparatus that can transfer an image into electronic paper using an electronic photography method, and a printing control method for the image formation apparatus. The present electronic paper comprises an electrophoresis layer for displaying an image using an electrophoresis method, a conductive layer, and a film layer for transmitting an image; and the image formation apparatus comprises a communication interface for receiving printing data, an image formation unit for transferring an image corresponding to the printing data, and a processor for controlling the image formation unit.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, and a lamination type photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate and including a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer in this order, in which the charge transport layer contains at least one resin selected from a polyester resin or a polycarbonate resin, and in a case where a Martens hardness and an indentation hardness, which are acquired by an indentation test performed on the charge transport layer to a depth of 0.5 μm, are respectively defined as HM (N/mm.sup.2) and nIT (N/mm.sup.2), Relational Equation (0) is satisfied, an elastic deformation modulus is 45% or greater and 70% or less, and a tensile elastic modulus of the charge transport layer is 2,300 MPa or greater and 5,000 MPa or less,

nIT=a×HM−b(a=2±0.2,b=100±20).  (0)

An image forming apparatus includes an image forming portion including a photosensitive member and a developing portion, a sheet accommodating portion, a sheet feeding portion, and a first frame. The first frame includes an upper space supporting the image forming portion, and a lower space under the upper space. A second frame is mountable to a lower portion of said first frame. The accommodating portion and the feeding portion are replaceable with a supply container containing toner to be supplied to a developing portion of the image forming portion, in which the second frame supports the accommodating portion and the feeding portion.

An image forming apparatus includes: a transporter; an image former; a reflective optical sensor; an image density adjuster; and a controller. The image former includes: a photoreceptor; a charger; an exposer; a developer; a transferor; and a fuser. The reflective optical sensor is provided opposite to the photoreceptor across a conveyance path. During image density adjustment, the controller forms a predetermined patch toner image on the photoreceptor, irradiates the patch toner image with light, and control the image density adjuster to adjust image density based on reflected light from the patch toner image. During image forming, the controller causes the reflective optical sensor to emit light on timing that a predetermined leading edge area of the recording area passes, and decides based on reflected light therefrom whether a width in the main scanning direction of a recording medium is longer than a predetermined reference length.

An image forming apparatus includes: a transporter; an image former; a reflective optical sensor; an image density adjuster; and a controller. The image former includes: a photoreceptor; a charger; an exposer; a developer; a transferor; and a fuser. The reflective optical sensor is provided opposite to the photoreceptor across a conveyance path. During image density adjustment, the controller forms a predetermined patch toner image on the photoreceptor, irradiates the patch toner image with light, and control the image density adjuster to adjust image density based on reflected light from the patch toner image. During image forming, the controller causes the reflective optical sensor to emit light on timing that a predetermined leading edge area of the recording area passes, and decides based on reflected light therefrom whether a width in the main scanning direction of a recording medium is longer than a predetermined reference length.

An exposure device includes: a first lens array unit and a second lens array unit each including a plurality of optical elements formed in a formation surface with respective optical axes parallel to each other, the formation surface of the first lens array unit being not perpendicular to the optical axes; a first lens array holder and a second lens array holder that hold the first lens array unit and the second lens array unit with the respective optical axes of the plurality of optical elements parallel to each other; and a light source assembly in which optical element groups each including a plurality of light-emitting devices aligned in a direction perpendicular to the optical axes are disposed at different positions in a direction parallel to the optical axes, wherein the first lens array unit is provided with a first seating surface and a second seating surface.

An exposure device includes: a first lens array unit and a second lens array unit each including a plurality of optical elements formed in a formation surface with respective optical axes parallel to each other, the formation surface of the first lens array unit being not perpendicular to the optical axes; a first lens array holder and a second lens array holder that hold the first lens array unit and the second lens array unit with the respective optical axes of the plurality of optical elements parallel to each other; and a light source assembly in which optical element groups each including a plurality of light-emitting devices aligned in a direction perpendicular to the optical axes are disposed at different positions in a direction parallel to the optical axes, wherein the first lens array unit is provided with a first seating surface and a second seating surface.