An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable image bearing member, a developing unit to develop an electrostatic latent image at a developing portion, a transfer unit to transfer a developer image to a recording member at a transfer portion; and a brush provided with a plurality of fibers contacting the image bearing member at downstream of the transfer portion and upstream of the developing portion in a rotational direction of the image bearing member. An average contacting pressure of the brush per one fiber to the image bearing member is smaller than a depositing force of the developer not transferred to the recording member to the image bearing member. As the brush in a state of not in contact with the image bearing member is viewed from a free end side of the fibers, an average number of the fibers included in a circumference of a diameter of 100 μm is more than one.

A toner conveying device includes a conveying screw and a swinging member. The conveying screw includes a shaft portion and a screw portion spirally wound around the shaft portion. The swinging member has a substantially comb shape and swings between the shaft portion and the screw portion with rotation of the conveying screw, and includes a plurality of overhanging portions arranged side by side at intervals in an axial direction of the conveying screw and a plurality of tip portions, each one of which is bent at a predetermined angle from a free end side of a corresponding one of the plurality of overhanging portions in a direction away from the shaft portion. A width of each one of the plurality of tip portions gradually increases at least from a portion to contact the screw portion toward a free end side of each one of the plurality of tip portions.

A movement member that causes a cleaning member to move so as to reciprocally move on a transparent member is provided. A cleaning process is performed in accordance with an instruction on a number of times of movement of the movement member.

An exposure head configured to expose a photoreceptor includes a substrate having a plurality of light emitting portions, a lens array having a plurality of lenses that condense light emitted from the light emitting portions onto the photoreceptor, and a holder that holds the substrate and the lens array. The holder has an opposing surface including an opening into which the lens array is inserted and facing the photoreceptor in an optical axis direction of the lens. The opposing surface has a contacting surface on which a cleaning rod cleaning a light exit surface of the lens array abuts. The holder includes a sealing agent that seals a gap between a side wall of the lens array and an edge of the opening along a longitudinal direction of the holder, and a groove formed in the opposing surface between the opening and the contacting surface. The sealing agent is applied between the groove and the side wall.

An optical scanning device includes a housing that houses an optical system for generating a light ray for optical scanning, and has a dustproof glass for emitting the light ray to an outside, and a cleaning system that is assembled to the housing and cleans the dustproof glass. The cleaning system includes a cleaning member, and a holder that holds the cleaning member, and with the holder moved in a specified movement direction relative to the dustproof glass, the cleaning member cleans the dustproof glass. The cleaning member includes a cleaner member that is adapted to contact a surface of the dustproof glass, and a pressing member that has a pressing surface for pressing the cleaner member toward the dustproof glass and is formed of an elastic body. In the movement direction, a width of the cleaner member is wider than a width of the pressing surface.

An image forming apparatus includes an image bearer, an exposure device, a (hive device, a cleaning body, and an exposure device holder. The exposure device is disposed on a motion trajectory between an exposure position and a retracted position and emits light to the image bearer via a lens having a lens surface at the exposure position. The drive device causes the exposure device to move between the exposure position and the retracted position. The cleaning body disposed on the motion trajectory of the exposure device tilts a cleaning surface when contacting with the lens surface of the exposure device. The exposure device holder supports the exposure device while changing an attitude of the exposure device such that the lens surface remains in contact with the cleaning surface of the cleaning body when the exposure device moves from the retracted position to the exposure position.

An optical scanning device includes a cleaning member held to a holing member and reciprocally moving on a surface of a transparent cover according to reciprocal movement of the holing member, thereby cleaning the surface. The cleaning member is configured such that a front side surface of the cleaning member in a progress direction during the reciprocal movement serves as an inclination surface obliquely crossing the progress direction when viewed from a direction vertical to the surface of the transparent cover, and at an outer side of the transparent cover in a direction perpendicular to the progress direction, a concave portion is formed to collect foreign matters moving to the outer side along the inclination surface according to the movement of the cleaning member.

An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member, a charging member, a developing roller, a transfer roller, and a brush configured to be brought into contact with a surface of the image bearing member on a side downstream of a transfer portion and upstream of a charging portion in a rotation direction of the image bearing member and in which, wherein, after the transfer of a developer image onto a transferred member, a developer remaining on the surface of the image bearing member is collected by the developing roller, the brush is disposed such that, in a cross section perpendicular to a rotation axis of the image bearing member, a contact region of the surface of the image bearing member in contact with the brush overlaps a virtual line containing the rotation axis of the image bearing member and extending upward from the rotation axis in a vertical direction.

A control unit performs control to make a direction of an electric field generated in a first area of an image carrier forming a transfer portion during image forming operation, relative to a voltage applied to a brush member in a state where the first area passes through a contact portion, different from a direction of an electric field generated in a second area of the image carrier forming the contact portion, relative to the voltage applied to the brush member during a period when operation is shifted from first operation in which the image carrier is rotated at a first speed to second operation in which the image carrier is rotated at a second speed different from the first speed, during non-image forming operation different from the image forming operation.

An optical scanning device includes a housing having light emitting ports extending in a predetermined direction, a transparent cover that closes the light emitting ports, a screw shaft arranged so as to extend in the predetermined direction along the transparent cover, a holding member having an engaging part engaged with the screw shaft, and a cleaning member held to the holing member. An abutting fulcrum is provided at an end of a movement path of the holing member, abuts a predetermined place of a surface of a front side in a progress direction of the holing member, allows the holing member to rotate by employing an abutting part of the holding member with the abutting fulcrum as a fulcrum, and reduces a position shift amount between the one side end portion and the other side end portion of the holing member in the progress direction.