An electro-conductive layer of an electrophotographic electro-conductive member has a matrix-domain structure. The matrix contains a first rubber. The domain contains a second rubber and electro-conductive particles. Where μ represents an average of ratios of the cross-sectional area of the electro-conductive particles contained in each of the domains to the cross-sectional area of each of the domains appearing on a cross-section of the electro-conductive layer in a thickness direction, and σ represents a standard deviation of the ratios, σ/μ is 0 or more and 0.4 or less, and μ is 20% or more and 40% or less. At least eight of samples with a first cubic shape 9 μm on a side, which are sampled at arbitrary nine positions on the electro-conductive layer, satisfy the specified condition.

An electro-conductive layer of an electrophotographic electro-conductive member has a matrix-domain structure. The matrix contains a first rubber. The domain contains a second rubber and electro-conductive particles. Where μ represents an average of ratios of the cross-sectional area of the electro-conductive particles contained in each of the domains to the cross-sectional area of each of the domains appearing on a cross-section of the electro-conductive layer in a thickness direction, and σ represents a standard deviation of the ratios, σ/μ is 0 or more and 0.4 or less, and μ is 20% or more and 40% or less. At least eight of samples with a first cubic shape 9 μm on a side, which are sampled at arbitrary nine positions on the electro-conductive layer, satisfy the specified condition.

An electro-conductive layer of an electrophotographic electro-conductive member has a matrix-domain structure. The matrix contains a first rubber. The domain contains a second rubber and electro-conductive particles. Where represents an average of ratios of the cross-sectional area of the electro-conductive particles contained in each of the domains to the cross-sectional area of each of the domains appearing on a cross-section of the electro-conductive layer in a thickness direction, and represents a standard deviation of the ratios, / is 0 or more and 0.4 or less, and is 20% or more and 40% or less. At least eight of samples with a first cubic shape 9 m on a side, which are sampled at arbitrary nine positions on the electro-conductive layer, satisfy the specified condition.

An electro-conductive layer of an electrophotographic electro-conductive member has a matrix-domain structure. The matrix contains a first rubber. The domain contains a second rubber and electro-conductive particles. Where represents an average of ratios of the cross-sectional area of the electro-conductive particles contained in each of the domains to the cross-sectional area of each of the domains appearing on a cross-section of the electro-conductive layer in a thickness direction, and represents a standard deviation of the ratios, / is 0 or more and 0.4 or less, and is 20% or more and 40% or less. At least eight of samples with a first cubic shape 9 m on a side, which are sampled at arbitrary nine positions on the electro-conductive layer, satisfy the specified condition.