An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer having a single-layer structure. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, an electron transport material, a polycarbonate resin, and a hole transport material. The electron transport material includes a compound having a halogen atom and represented by general formula (1), (2), (3), (4), or (5). The hole transport material includes a compound represented by general formula (20), (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (26), or (27). A charge of calcium carbonate as measured by charging the calcium carbonate through friction with the photosensitive layer is at least +6.5 C/g. A Vickers hardness of the photosensitive layer at 45 C. is at least 17.0 HV. ##STR00001## ##STR00002## ##STR00003##

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate; an undercoat layer formed on the conductive substrate and containing a polyurethane resin, metal oxide particles, a silane coupling agent, and a compound represented by General Formula (ID); and a photosensitive layer formed on the undercoat layer ##STR00001##
(where R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, an alkoxy group optionally having a substituent, an aryloxy group optionally having a substituent, a sulfo group optionally having a substituent, an amino group, an alkylamino group optionally having a substituent, or an arylamino group optionally having a substituent).

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer is a single-layer photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, a binder resin, and an additive. The additive contains a carboxylic acid anhydride. A reduction potential of the carboxylic acid anhydride is at least 1.40 V versus a reference electrode (Ag/Ag.sup.+). The carboxylic acid anhydride is contained in an amount of at least 0.02 parts by mass and no greater than 10.00 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate; an undercoat layer formed on the conductive substrate and containing a polyurethane resin, metal oxide particles, a silane coupling agent, and a compound represented by General Formula (ID); and a photosensitive layer formed on the undercoat layer

##STR00001##

(where R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, an alkoxy group optionally having a substituent, an aryloxy group optionally having a substituent, a sulfo group optionally having a substituent, an amino group, an alkylamino group optionally having a substituent, or an arylamino group optionally having a substituent).

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer having a single-layer structure. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, an electron transport material, a polycarbonate resin, and a hole transport material. The electron transport material includes a compound having a halogen atom and represented by general formula (1), (2), (3), (4), or (5). The hole transport material includes a compound represented by general formula (20), (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (26), or (27). A charge of calcium carbonate as measured by charging the calcium carbonate through friction with the photosensitive layer is at least +6.5 C/g. A Vickers hardness of the photosensitive layer at 45 C. is at least 17.0 HV.

##STR00001## ##STR00002## ##STR00003##

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer is a single-layer photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, a binder resin, and an additive. The additive contains a carboxylic acid anhydride. A reduction potential of the carboxylic acid anhydride is at least 1.40 V versus a reference electrode (Ag/Ag.sup.+). The carboxylic acid anhydride is contained in an amount of at least 0.02 parts by mass and no greater than 10.00 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member can provide images in which black spots and fogging are suppressed and density unevenness due to coating unevenness of the charge generation layer is suppressed. The charge generation layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a gallium phthalocyanine crystal, a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, and an amide compound represented by a formula (1), and a nitrogen atom in a heterocyclic ring of the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound has a substituent. ##STR00001##