An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer in this order. The undercoat layer contains a cured product of a composition containing an electron transport material, a particle having an average primary particle size of 10 nm or more, and a silicone oil. A content of the particle in the undercoat layer is 3% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less. A content of the silicone oil in the undercoat layer is 0.01% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less relative to the content of the particle.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer in this order. The undercoat layer contains a cured product of a composition containing an electron transport material, a particle having an average primary particle size of 10 nm or more, and a silicone oil. A content of the particle in the undercoat layer is 3% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less. A content of the silicone oil in the undercoat layer is 0.01% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less relative to the content of the particle.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer having a single-layer structure. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, an electron transport material, and a binder resin. The electron transport material includes a compound having a halogen atom and represented by a general formula (1), (2), (3), (4), or (5). The binder resin includes a polyarylate resin. The polyarylate resin includes at least one type of repeating unit each represented by general formula (11), at least one type of repeating unit each represented by general formula (12), and a terminal group represented by general formula (13). In general formula (13), R.sup.f represents a chain aliphatic group substituted by at least one fluoro group. A charge of calcium carbonate charged by friction between the photosensitive layer and the calcium carbonate is at least +8.0 C/g. ##STR00001## ##STR00002##

The invention provides organoboron precursors and facile photoirradiation and/or heating methods of making corresponding elimination products. Some elimination products are polycyclic aromatic molecules wherein a number of aromatic CC moieties have been replaced by a BN moiety to form azaborine compounds with interesting properties such as electronic, photophysical, luminescent, as well as chemical properties. Examples of polymer films that were doped with such compounds are shown wherein irradiated portions of the polymer film luminesce. The invention further provides methods of producing photoluminescence and electroluminescence, and uses of the compounds of the invention in luminescent probes, sensors, electroluminescent devices, hydrogen storage materials, optoelectronic materials, and bioactive molecules.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer has a single-layer structure and contains a charge generating material and a compound represented by general formula (1) shown below. In the general formula (1), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represent, independently of each other: an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and optionally substituted by an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms; an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms and optionally substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms; or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. X represents S or SO.sub.2. ##STR00001##

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer has a single-layer structure and contains a charge generating material and a compound represented by general formula (1) shown below. In the general formula (1), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represent, independently of each other: an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and optionally substituted by an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms; an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms and optionally substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms; or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. X represents S or SO.sub.2.

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An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer having a single-layer structure. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, an electron transport material, and a binder resin. The electron transport material includes a compound having a halogen atom and represented by a general formula (1), (2), (3), (4), or (5). The binder resin includes a polyarylate resin. The polyarylate resin includes at least one type of repeating unit each represented by general formula (11), at least one type of repeating unit each represented by general formula (12), and a terminal group represented by general formula (13). In general formula (13), R.sup.f represents a chain aliphatic group substituted by at least one fluoro group. A charge of calcium carbonate charged by friction between the photosensitive layer and the calcium carbonate is at least +8.0 C/g.

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Provided is an electrophotographic apparatus that suppresses the occurrence of a pattern memory and enables stable image formation under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment. The electrophotographic apparatus includes: an electrophotographic photosensitive member; a charging unit; an image exposing unit; a developing unit including a toner; a transfer unit; a cleaning unit; and a fixing unit. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a monolayer-type photosensitive layer containing a binder resin, a charge-generating substance, a hole-transporting substance, an electron-transporting substance, and silicon atom-containing particles. The monolayer-type photosensitive layer is a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The charge-generating substance is one of metal-free phthalocyanine or oxytitanium phthalocyanine. The silicon atom-containing particles are one of silica particles or silicone resin particles. The toner includes toner particles each containing a polyester resin having a polyethylene terephthalate segment.