Provided is an electrophotographic belt including at least: a base layer; and a surface layer containing the following A, B, and C:

A: a compound 1 having structures represented by formula (I) and formula (II):

##STR00001##

in the formula (I), R1 represents a linking group, and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group;

##STR00002##

in the formula (II), R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or a methyl ester group, R4 represents a linking group, R5 represents a methyl group or a tert-butyl group, and “m” represents an integer of from 25 to 100;
B: perfluoropolyether;
C: a binder resin.

Provided is an electrophotographic belt including at least: a base layer; and a surface layer containing the following A, B, and C:

A: a compound 1 having structures represented by formula (I) and formula (II):

##STR00001##

in the formula (I), R1 represents a linking group, and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group;

##STR00002##

in the formula (II), R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or a methyl ester group, R4 represents a linking group, R5 represents a methyl group or a tert-butyl group, and “m” represents an integer of from 25 to 100;
B: perfluoropolyether;
C: a binder resin.

An electrophotographic member includes a base layer and an elastic layer on the base layer, wherein the elastic layer includes a matrix rubber, an ionic liquid including an anion and a cation, and an inorganic layered double hydroxide compound, wherein the anion is at least one selected from the group consisting of structural formulae (1) to (3), the cation is at least one selected from the group consisting of structural formulae (4) to (7), and the inorganic layered double hydroxide compound has an average value of interlayer distances of 4 Å or larger and 8 Å or smaller, which are measured by XRD.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive support in which (i) a recessed portion having an opening diameter of greater than 400 μm and (ii) a recessed portion having an opening diameter of from 100 μm to 400 μm and a ratio of a depth to an opening diameter of greater than 0.12 are not present on an outer peripheral surface, wherein even in a case where a first recessed portion having an opening diameter of from 100 μm to 400 μm and a ratio of a depth to an opening diameter of 0.12 or less is present on the outer peripheral surface of the conductive support and a second recessed portion on which the first recessed portion is reflected is present on the outer peripheral surface of an outermost layer, a ratio of a depth to an opening diameter of the second recessed portion is not greater than 0.030.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member, in which occurrences of image defects are suppressed, and a method for manufacturing the electrophotographic photosensitive member are provided. In addition, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus, which include the electrophotographic photosensitive member, are provided. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a cured material, and the cured material is a copolymer of a hole transport compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group and a vinyl ester compound containing a long-chain alkyl group.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer contains at least a charge generating material, a charge transport material, and a binder resin. The binder resin includes a polyarylate resin. The polyarylate resin is represented by general formula (1) shown below. In general formula (1), X represents a divalent group represented by chemical formula (1-1), (1-2), (1-3), or (1-4) shown below.

##STR00001##

A photoconductor including a conductive support, an undercoat layer, a charge-generating layer, and a charge-transporting layer, at least the undercoat layer, the charge-generating layer, and the charge-transporting layer being disposed on the conductive support in an order mentioned, wherein the undercoat layer includes a binder resin and metal oxide particles, and the charge-generating layer includes a binder resin, a titanyl phthalocyanine pigment, and a salicylic acid derivative.

To provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member being excellent in abrasion resistance and having good electrical characteristics. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a copolymerized product of a hole transporting compound having a specified structure and a compound having a specified structure.

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising: a conductive support; and a photosensitive layer on the conductive support, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a charge transport substance, a binder resin, and a compound which has a molecular weight of equal to or less than 350, and is represented by General Formula (1).

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can suppress a ghost image while keeping its sensitivity satisfactory. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, an intermediate layer on the support, and a photosensitive layer on the intermediate layer, and the intermediate layer contains a compound having a specific structure.