An electrophotographic photoconductor includes a conductive substrate, and a photoconductive layer, in which an outermost surface layer contains a binder resin, a charge transporting material, fluorine-containing resin particles, and an acidic compound, the number of carboxyl groups in the fluorine-containing resin particles is 0 or more and 30 or less per 10.sup.6 carbon atoms of the fluorine-containing resin particles, and in a case where charging and exposure of the electrophotographic photoconductor are repeated 10,000 times under conditions of a charging potential of −700 V and an exposure intensity of 5 mJ/m.sup.2, an absolute value |RP.sub.1−RP.sub.10000| of a difference between a residual potential RP.sub.1 after charging and exposure once and a residual potential RP.sub.10000 after charging and exposure 10,000 times is 25 V or less.

An electrophotographic image support includes: a conductive support; a photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive support; and a protective layer disposed on the photosensitive layer, the protective layer being formed of a polymerized cured product of a radically polymerizable composition containing a radically polymerizable monomer and a perfluoropolyether compound having a radically polymerizable functional group, the perfluoropolyether compound having the radically polymerizable functional group being represented by the following formula (1):

[Chemical Formula 1]

(B).sub.l-A-CF.sub.2O(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.m(CF.sub.2O).sub.nCF.sub.2-A-(B).sub.l  (1)

wherein A represents a linking group having a molecular weight of 100 or more and 400 or less, B represents a radically polymerizable functional group, l represents an integer of 2 or more, and m and n each represent an integer of 0 or more, wherein m+n≧1.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an intermediate layer, a photosensitive layer, and a surface layer laminated on a conductive support in this order, wherein a cured product of a polymerizable monomer contains an electron transport agent and n-type metal oxide fine particles to which a reactive organic group is bonded in the surface layer.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes: a conductive base body and a photosensitive layer, in which an outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains fluorine-containing resin particles, and in which a fluorine atom concentration at a surface of the outermost surface layer is 1.5 to 5.0 times a fluorine atom concentration at a depth of 1 μm from the surface of the outermost surface layer, or in which a number density ratio of aggregates of the fluorine-containing resin particles in a second region defined in this specification, to aggregates of he fluorine-containing resin particles in a first region defined in this specification is less than 0.95, and a ratio of an area ratio of the fluorine-containing resin particles in the second region, to an area ratio of the flourine-containing resin particles in the first region is within a range of 1±0.1.

Provided is an electrophotographic belt including at least: a base layer; and a surface layer containing the following A, B, and C: A: a compound 1 having structures represented by formula (I) and formula (II): ##STR00001##
in the formula (I), R1 represents a linking group, and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; ##STR00002##
in the formula (II), R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or a methyl ester group, R4 represents a linking group, R5 represents a methyl group or a tert-butyl group, and “m” represents an integer of from 25 to 100;
B: perfluoropolyether;
C: a binder resin.

A fluorine-containing resin particle contains 0 or more and 30 or less carboxyl groups per 10.sup.6 carbon atoms and 0 ppm or more and 3 ppm or less of a basic compound.

The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member having excellent dispersibility of fluorine atom-containing resin particles, and excellent durability, with an occurrence of a ghost suppressed. In the electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer, the surface layer includes a fluorine atom-containing resin particle, a binder material, a charge transport substance, and a polymer A having a specific structural unit, wherein the binder material is a thermoplastic resin, and a film thickness of the surface layer is 35 μm or larger and 50 μm or smaller.

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains a fluorine atom-containing resin particle, a binder material, and a polymer having specific structural units.

The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer that is excellent in dispersibility of a fluorine atom-containing resin particle and suppresses a potential fluctuation at the time of repeated use. The electrophotographic photosensitive member having the surface layer, wherein the surface layer includes the fluorine atom-containing resin particle, a binder material, and a polymer A having a specific structural unit.

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a surface layer, which is excellent in dispersibility of fluorine atom-containing resin particles and is suppressed from causing a ghost image. Specifically, provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains a fluorine atom-containing resin particle, a binder material, and a polymer A having specific structural units.