An image forming method includes a charging step, an image exposure step, a developing step, a transferring step, a cleaning step, and a fixing step. A toner contains toner particles, the toner particles contain a resin A including a unit A1 including an alkyl group having 18 to 36 carbon atoms in the side chain, and the electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a surface layer containing (i) fluorine-containing resin particles and (ii) a fluorine-based polymer B.

A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin, wherein the toner particle further comprises a compound represented by a following formula (1) and a pigment having a quinacridone structure;

##STR00001##

where, in the formula (1), R represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 to 4.

An electrostatic image developing toner includes a toner particle including a binder resin and a colorant. The net intensity N.sub.S of sulfur included in the toner particle and the total net intensity N.sub.A of an alkali metal and an alkaline-earth metal included in the toner particle, which are measured by X-ray fluorescence analysis, satisfy 1.0<N.sub.S/N.sub.A<22.0.

An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes a toner particle, and the toner particle includes: a core particle containing a large-diameter particle having a number average particle diameter of 1 μm or more; and a shell layer that includes at least two resin layers each containing an amorphous resin and covers a surface of the core particles, and an outermost layer of the at least two resin layers is a resin layer being made of the amorphous resin.

Described herein is a printed photovoltaic cell comprising an anode; an LEP printed cathode; and an LEP printed photovoltaic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The photovoltaic layer comprises a material with a perovskite structure having a chemical formula selected from ABX.sub.3 and A.sub.2BX.sub.6 and a thermoplastic resin comprising a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and a monomer having acidic side groups; and/or a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide; and/or a copolymer of an alkylene monomer, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide, and a monomer selected from a monomer having acidic side groups, a monomer having ester side groups and a mixture thereof. The printed cathode comprises: a thermoplastic resin; and electrically conductive metal particles. Also described herein is a method of producing the printed photovoltaic cell and an ink set for use in the method.

A coating layer application device (200) for applying a coating layer, which is located on a transfer element, to a substrate, the coating layer (206) being formed from a coating material, in particular a thermosetting coating material, the coating layer (206) being curable and comprising an amorphous material, the coating layer application device comprising: a heating device (214, 220) being configured so as to (i) maintain the temperature of the coating layer (206) within a temperature range before removal of N the transfer element (204) from the coating layer (206), wherein within the temperature range the uncured coating material is in its supercooled liquid state; and/or (ii) partially cure the coating layer (206) during a contact of the coating layer (206) and the substrate (210) and before removal of the transfer element (204) from the coating layer, in particular by increasing the temperature of the coating layer (206) to a temperature at or above a curing temperature of the coating layer (206).

A pressure sensitive toner includes toner particles containing a composite resin that includes a styrene-based resin and a (meth)acrylate-based resin. The difference between a lowest glass transition temperature of the composite resin and a highest glass transition temperature thereof is 30° C. or more, and the toner particles have a gel fraction of from 1.0% by mass to 8.0% by mass inclusive.

A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin and an ester compound, wherein: the binder resin comprises a resin A comprising a specific amount of a long-chain acrylate unit and a styrene-based monomer unit, and a resin B comprising a specific monomer unit in a specific amount; the ester compound has an alkyl chain with a specific chain length, a content of the resin A in the chloroform-soluble portion of the toner particles is 60% by mass or more; and using SPm (J/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2 for a SP value of the long-chain acrylate unit and using SPw (J/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2 for a SP value of the ester compound, SPm is 18.00 to 19.00, and SPm and SPw satisfy formula (a).

|SPm−SPw|≤1.50  (a)

A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin and a release agent, wherein the binder resin comprises a crystalline resin A, the crystalline resin A comprises a monomer unit derived from a monomer (a), the monomer (a) is at least one selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid esters having an alkyl group with 18 to 36 carbon atoms, the peak temperature and endothermic quantity at an endothermic peak derived from the crystalline resin A in DSC measurements using the toner satisfy specific relationships, and the release agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon-based waxes and ester waxes.

Provided is a compound that is fluidized by light irradiation and reversibly non-fluidized, is not significantly colored, and improves fixability and exhibits excellent image stability and color reproducibility when used for a toner.

Provided is a compound represented by the following general formula (1), which is fluidized by light irradiation and reversibly non-fluidized:

##STR00001##

wherein

Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 are CH or N, and Z.sub.1≠Z.sub.2;

R.sub.1 is an aromatic hydrocarbon group having a substituent R.sub.a selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, an alkoxy group and a halogen atom at each of two ortho positions with respect to Z.sub.1; and

R.sub.2 is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group.