A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image contains toner particles that contain binder resins including an amorphous resin and a crystalline resin and also contain an oligomer. The molecular weight distribution curve of the toner measured by gel permeation chromatography has its highest peak in a range of molecular weights from 5000 to 50000 and a peak or shoulder in a range of molecular weights from 500 to 5000. In a cross-sectional observation of the toner particles, domains of the crystalline resin have an average length of major axis of 100 nm or more and 1000 nm or less.

A magnetic toner includes toner particles. The toner particles each include a toner mother particle. The toner mother particle includes a polyester resin domain, a vinyl resin domain, and a magnetic powder. A vinyl resin constituting the vinyl resin domain includes a repeating unit having a non-ring-opened oxazoline group. An area rate of an area in which the vinyl resin domain is exposed in a surface area of the toner mother particle is at least 0.02% and no greater than 1.00%.

A polymeric composition including a copolymer comprising a first monomer having a high carbon to oxygen ratio of from about 3 to about 8; a second monomer comprising two or more vinyl groups, wherein the second monomer is present in the copolymer in an amount of from greater than about 8 percent by weight to about 60 percent by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer; and, optionally, a third monomer comprising an amine, wherein the third monomer, if present, is present in an amount of from about 0.5 percent by weight to about 5 percent by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer. A toner including the copolymer as a toner surface additive. An emulsion aggregation toner process including the copolymer as a toner surface additive.

An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier that includes a conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer and a surface protection layer; a developing device that includes an electrostatic image developer containing a toner, and develops the electrostatic image to form a toner image. The toner contains an amorphous polyester resin and has a weight average molecular weight Mw in a range of from 25,000 to 60,000, and a ratio of the weight average molecular weight Mw to a number average molecular weight Mn (Mw/Mn) is in a range of from 5 to 10. In the toner, a ratio of an absorbance for a wavelength of 1500 cm.sup.1 to an absorbance for a wavelength of 720 cm.sup.1 is 0.6 or less, and a ratio of an absorbance for a wavelength of 820 cm.sup.1 to the absorbance for a wavelength of 720 cm.sup.1 is 0.4 or less.

A magnetic toner includes toner particles. The toner particles each include a toner mother particle. The toner mother particle includes a polyester resin domain, a vinyl resin domain, and a magnetic powder. A vinyl resin constituting the vinyl resin domain includes a repeating unit having a non-ring-opened oxazoline group. An area rate of an area in which the vinyl resin domain is exposed in a surface area of the toner mother particle is at least 0.02% and no greater than 1.00%.

Provided is a magenta toner having a magenta toner particle containing a binder resin, a colorant, a wax, a wax dispersant, and a crystalline polyester, wherein the wax dispersant is a graft polymer in which a styrene acrylic resin is grafted to a hydrocarbon compound, and the styrene acrylic resin has a monomer unit having a saturated alicyclic group, the colorant contains C.I. Pigment Red 32, and when observing a cross-section of the magenta toner particle using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), crystals of the crystalline polyester are dispersed in the cross-section, and the number average value of maximum lengths of the crystals is 50 nm or less.

Provided is a magenta toner having a magenta toner particle containing a binder resin, a colorant, a wax, a wax dispersant, and a crystalline polyester, wherein the wax dispersant is a graft polymer in which a styrene acrylic resin is grafted to a hydrocarbon compound, and the styrene acrylic resin has a monomer unit having a saturated alicyclic group, the colorant contains C.I. Pigment Red 32, and when observing a cross-section of the magenta toner particle using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), crystals of the crystalline polyester are dispersed in the cross-section, and the number average value of maximum lengths of the crystals is 50 nm or less.

An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier that includes a conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer and a surface protection layer; a developing device that includes an electrostatic image developer containing a toner, and develops the electrostatic image to form a toner image. The toner contains an amorphous polyester resin and has a weight average molecular weight Mw in a range of from 25,000 to 60,000, and a ratio of the weight average molecular weight Mw to a number average molecular weight Mn (Mw/Mn) is in a range of from 5 to 10. In the toner, a ratio of an absorbance for a wavelength of 1500 cm.sup.1 to an absorbance for a wavelength of 720 cm.sup.1 is 0.6 or less, and a ratio of an absorbance for a wavelength of 820 cm.sup.1 to the absorbance for a wavelength of 720 cm.sup.1 is 0.4 or less.

A hybrid toner composition including a first wax; a second wax that is different from the first wax; wherein the first wax comprises a paraffin wax having a peak melting point of from about 60 to about 80 C.; wherein the second wax comprises an ester wax having a peak melting point of from about 60 to about 80 C.; a first resin comprising an amorphous polyester resin and at second resin comprising at least one of a styrene, an acrylate, or a combination thereof; and an optional colorant.

A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image contains toner particles that contain binder resins including an amorphous resin and a crystalline resin and also contain an oligomer. The molecular weight distribution curve of the toner measured by gel permeation chromatography has its highest peak in a range of molecular weights from 5000 to 50000 and a peak or shoulder in a range of molecular weights from 500 to 5000. In a cross-sectional observation of the toner particles, domains of the crystalline resin have an average length of major axis of 100 nm or more and 1000 nm or less.