The present invention relates to a printing method comprising a step of printing a pattern on a substrate, preferably by ink jet printing, followed by a gold plating step by means of contact between the pre-printed pattern to be gold plated and a gold plating deposition device, such as a preferably conductive metal sheet, e.g. a multilayer film comprising a preferably conductive metal sheet.

An electrostatic image developing toner includes toner base particles, wherein the toner base particles contain: an amorphous polyester resin; a crystalline resin; and o-acetoacetaniside, and the content of the o-acetoacetaniside in the toner base particles is 0.1 ppm by mass or more and 200 ppm by mass or less.

An electrostatic image developing toner includes toner base particles, wherein the toner base particles contain: an amorphous polyester resin; a crystalline resin; and o-acetoacetaniside, and the content of the o-acetoacetaniside in the toner base particles is 0.1 ppm by mass or more and 200 ppm by mass or less.

Example implementations provide a method of controlling an ink developer used in electro-photography; the method comprising, following cessation of printing, varying a plurality of voltages associated with movement of ink within the ink developer at temporally disparate times.

Example implementations provide a method of controlling an ink developer used in electro-photography; the method comprising, following cessation of printing, varying a plurality of voltages associated with movement of ink within the ink developer at temporally disparate times.

An electrostatic image developing toner includes toner base particles, wherein the toner base particles contain: an amorphous polyester resin; a crystalline resin; and o-acetoacetaniside, and the content of the o-acetoacetaniside in the toner base particles is 0.1 ppm by mass or more and 200 ppm by mass or less.

An electrostatic image developing toner includes toner base particles, wherein the toner base particles contain: an amorphous polyester resin; a crystalline resin; and o-acetoacetaniside, and the content of the o-acetoacetaniside in the toner base particles is 0.1 ppm by mass or more and 200 ppm by mass or less.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member suppressing potential variation due to repeated use is provided. The electrophotographic photosensitive member is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support, a photosensitive layer and a protective layer in this order, wherein the protective layer contains: a resin including a structure represented by a general formula (1) and a structure represented by a general formula (2); and a compound represented by a general formula (3), the molar ratio of the proportion of the structure represented by the general formula (2) to the proportion of the structure represented by the general formula (1) in the resin is 0.0002 to 0.1000 in a molar ratio, and the molar ratio of the content of the compound represented by the general formula (3) to the content of the structure represented by the general formula (1) in the resin in the protective layer is 0.0002 to 0.1000 in a molar ratio.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member suppressing potential variation due to repeated use is provided. The electrophotographic photosensitive member is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support, a photosensitive layer and a protective layer in this order, wherein the protective layer contains: a resin including a structure represented by a general formula (1) and a structure represented by a general formula (2); and a compound represented by a general formula (3), the molar ratio of the proportion of the structure represented by the general formula (2) to the proportion of the structure represented by the general formula (1) in the resin is 0.0002 to 0.1000 in a molar ratio, and the molar ratio of the content of the compound represented by the general formula (3) to the content of the structure represented by the general formula (1) in the resin in the protective layer is 0.0002 to 0.1000 in a molar ratio.

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member that is reduced in exposure memory and is excellent in electrical characteristics and durability. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes in this order: a support; a photosensitive layer; and a protective layer, wherein the protective layer contains a resin having a structure represented by the following general formula (1) and a structure represented by the following general formula (2). ##STR00001##