Apparatus and methods for 3D-Scanless Holographic Optogenetics with Temporal focusing (3D-SHOT), which allows precise, simultaneous photo-activation of arbitrary sets of neurons anywhere within the addressable volume of the microscope. Soma-targeted (ST) optogenetic tools, ST-ChroME and IRES-ST-eGtACR1, optimized for multiphoton activation and suppression are also provided. The methods use point-cloud holography to place multiple copies of a temporally focused disc matching the dimensions of a designated neuron's cell body. Experiments in cultured cells, brain slices, and in living mice demonstrate single-neuron spatial resolution even when optically targeting randomly distributed groups of neurons in 3D.

A near-to-eye display device includes a spatial light modulator, a rotatable reflective optical element and a pupil-tracking device. The pupil-tracking device tracks the eye pupil position of the user. Based on the data provided by the pupil-tracking device, the reflective optical element is rotated such that the light modulated by the spatial light modulator is directed towards the user's eye pupil.

Provided is a technology for implementing an AR optical waveguide display capable of showing a hologram image by means of a small and simple system configuration by using an HOE. A holographic display according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a light source module for emitting a beam; an optical waveguide through which the emitted beam is incident and propagated; a plurality of holographic optical elements (HOES) for propagating the beam incident to the optical waveguide inside the optical waveguide while totally reflecting the beam; and a modulator for reproducing a holographic image through the progressing beam and propagating the beam to the inside of the optical waveguide while totally reflecting the beam. Accordingly, it is possible to implement, as a small and simple system, an optical waveguide display showing an AR hologram by using an optical waveguide and an HOE.

A holographic display apparatus capable of providing an expanded viewing window and a display method are provided. The holographic display apparatus includes an image processor configured to provide computer generated hologram (CGH) data to a spatial light modulator, wherein the image processor is further configured to generate a hologram data array comprising information of the holographic image to be reproduced at the first resolution or a resolution less than the first resolution, perform an off-axis phase computation on the hologram data array at the second resolution, and then, generate the CHG data at the first resolution.

A two-dimensional holographic image projection display method. The method includes illuminating a first modulating part of a spatial light modulator with a first incident light beam at a first incident angle with respect to a direction normal to a main surface of the spatial light modulator to form a first projection region on an imaging plane; and illuminating a second modulating part of the spatial light modulator with a second incident light beam at a second incident angle with respect to the direction normal to the main surface of the spatial light modulator to form a second projection region on the imaging plane. The first projection region abuts or partially overlaps with the second projection region at an interface substantially parallel to a lateral direction of the spatial light modulator.

An optical member utilizing light from a point light source is enabled to visually perceive a reproduced optical image with a desired color. An optical modulation device includes an optical member having a light control part to reflect or absorb light in a predetermined wavelength and to pass through light in other than the predetermined wavelength in light in at least a visible light band, in accordance with a reproduction reference image for reproducing an original image, and a light transmissive part to pass through light in at least the visible light range including the predetermined wavelength.

Methods for selectively stimulating a plurality of light-responsive neurons in a sample are provided. Methods according to certain embodiments include irradiating a sample comprising a plurality of light-responsive neurons with a plurality of holographic images that are each configured to stimulate one or more light-responsive neurons in the sample, wherein the holographic images are created by light projection system that includes a plurality of light sources; a plurality of optical adjustment components; a plurality of spatial light modulators; a controller; a processor; and a computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the controller to operate the light sources, optical adjustment components and spatial light modulators to generate and display a plurality of holographic images; direct each of the holographic images to a projection location; and project the holographic images onto the sample at a rate greater than 1 kHz. Light projection systems for irradiating a sample having light-responsive neurons with holographic images are also described.

A holographic display is comprised of space-multiplexed elemental modulators, each of which consists of a surface acoustic wave transducer atop an anisotropic waveguide. Each “line” of the overall display consists of a single anisotropic waveguide across the display's length with multiple surface acoustic wave transducers spaced along the waveguide length, although for larger displays, the waveguide may be divided into segments, each provided with separate illumination. Light that is undiffracted by a specific transducer is available for diffraction by subsequent transducers. Per transducer, guided-mode light is mode-converted to leaky-mode light, which propagates into the substrate away from the viewer before encountering a volume reflection grating and being reflected and steered towards the viewer. The display is transparent and all reflection volume gratings operate in the Bragg regime, thereby creating no dispersion of ambient light.

A holographic display and a method, performed by the holographic display, of forming a holographic image are disclosed. The holographic display includes an electrically addressable spatial light modulator (EASLM); a diffractive optical element (DOE) mask array arranged on the EASLM; and a controller configured to operate the holographic display to form a hologram image, wherein the controller is further configured to address the EASLM to backlight the DOE mask array required to form a set of hologram image voxels by turning on a corresponding EASLM pixel.

An alignment apparatus for aligning a lens module with respect to an image sensor includes a holographic film including a test chart pattern from which a virtual image of the test chart pattern may be generated, and a light source for illuminating the holographic film. An image sensor holder is provided for mounting the image sensor and a lens module holder is configured and positioned for mounting the lens module between the holographic film and the image sensor such that the virtual image of the test chart pattern is viewable by the image sensor through the lens module. The virtual image thus viewable by the image sensor through the lens module is located at a virtual distance from the image sensor that is different from a physical position of the holographic film for aligning the lens module with respect to the image sensor.