The present disclosure is to provide a photopolymer composition including a polymer matrix or a precursor thereof including a reaction product of a reactive isocyanate compound having a hydrogen bonding functional group capable of forming multiple hydrogen bonds and at least one isocyanate group, and a polyol having at least two hydroxyl groups; a photoreactive monomer; and a photoinitiator, a hologram recording medium produced from the photopolymer composition, an optical element including the photopolymer composition and a holographic recording method using the photopolymer composition.

A photoreactive liquid crystal composition containing (A) a photoreactive polymer liquid crystal which includes a photoreactive side chain in which at least one type of reaction selected from (A-1) photocrosslinking and (A-2) photoisomerization occurs, and (B) a low molecular weight liquid crystal. An optical element or display element is formed having a liquid crystal cell including the photoreactive liquid crystal composition.

The present invention provides a composition for hologram recording, a hologram recording medium and a hologram that are capable of realizing excellent diffraction characteristics and an optical device and an optical member using same. The present invention is capable of providing a composition for hologram recording containing at least a radical polymerizable monomer and a matrix resin, in which a cross-sectional observation image at the time of observing a hologram recording film by atomic force microscopy (AFM) has a diffraction grating structure indicating that there is a material density difference that can be observed by the AFM.

Provided herein are compositions suitable for recording holograms containing thiol and/or thioether functionality, and optionally including additional allyl and/or propargyl functional groups. These monomers can be used to synthesize holographic poly-mers having high Lin values. Also provided herein are methods of making holographic polymers and methods recording holograms using these polymers.

An interference structure having a nanovoided hologram material is described. The nanovoided hologram material may have an index of refraction difference of approximately 0.4. The interference structure may include about 10% to 90% nanovoids by volume. The interference structure may be formed using a mixture of a monomer, an initiator, and solvent. The mixture may be disposed on a substrate and irradiated with two sources of light spaced apart from each other and shining on the same region of the mixture to generate an interference pattern in the mixture, leading to the selective polymerization of regions of the mixture where there is constructive interference of light. Various other devices, methods, and systems are also disclosed.

A grating coupler may be fabricated by exposing a photopolymer layer to grating forming light for forming periodic refractive index variations in the photopolymer layer. The photopolymer layer may be exposed to apodization light for reducing an amplitude of the periodic refractive index variations in a spatially-selective manner. The apodization may also be achieved or facilitated by subjecting outer surface(s) of the photopolymer layer to a chemically reactive agent that causes the refractive index contrast to be reduced near the surface(s) of application. The apodized refractive index profile of the gratings facilitates the reduction of optical crosstalk between different gratings of the grating coupler.

A holographic recording medium composition comprising component (e): a compound having an isocyanate group or an isocyanate-reactive functional group and further having a nitroxyl radical group, wherein component (e) contains component (e-1) below: component (e-1): a compound having a heterobicyclic ring structure or a heterotricyclic ring structure, the heterobicyclic ring structure or the heterotricyclic ring structure being obtained by replacing a carbon atom in a bicyclic ring structure or a tricyclic ring structure by the nitroxyl radical group.

Initiator/mediator chemistry for latent imaging polymers for volume Bragg gratings is provided. Light mediated chemistry including the use of nitroxides allows a first step imaging to occur, where a light induced pattern is recorded in the material, without the grating being apparent. A second bleaching/developing step completes the curing process and reveals the grating.

The disclosure provides recording materials including halogenated derivatized monomers and polymers for use in volume Bragg gratings, including, but not limited to, volume Bragg gratings for holography applications. Several structures are disclosed for halogenated derivatized monomers and polymers for use in Bragg gratings applications, leading to materials with higher refractive index, low birefringence, and high transparency. The disclosed halogenated derivatized monomers and polymers thereof can be used in any volume Bragg gratings materials, including two-stage polymer materials where a matrix is cured in a first step, and then the volume Bragg grating is written by way of a second curing step of a monomer.

A grating coupler may be fabricated by exposing a photopolymer layer to grating forming light for forming periodic refractive index variations in the photopolymer layer. The photopolymer layer may be exposed to apodization light for reducing an amplitude of the periodic refractive index variations in a spatially-selective manner. The apodization may also be achieved or facilitated by subjecting outer surface(s) of the photopolymer layer to a chemically reactive agent that causes the refractive index contrast to be reduced near the surface(s) of application. The apodized refractive index profile of the gratings facilitates the reduction of optical crosstalk between different gratings of the grating coupler.