A holographic display and a method, performed by the holographic display, of forming a holographic image are disclosed. The holographic display includes an electrically addressable spatial light modulator (EASLM); a diffractive optical element (DOE) mask array arranged on the EASLM; and a controller configured to operate the holographic display to form a hologram image, wherein the controller is further configured to address the EASLM to backlight the DOE mask array required to form a set of hologram image voxels by turning on a corresponding EASLM pixel.

Provided are a light deflector and a light output device including the light deflector, the light deflector including a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer that are spaced apart from each other and facing each other, and a deflection layer configured to deflect incident light thereon based on a voltage applied to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, wherein the first electrode layer includes a plurality of electrode elements that are spaced apart from each other, and a resistor that is in contact with at least part of the plurality of electrode elements and in which a voltage drop is generated.

A light projection apparatus is provided comprising: a source of light; a switchable grating on a first substrate; and a diffractive optical element. Light is diffracted at least once by the switchable grating and is diffracted at least once by the DOE.

Provided is a holographic display apparatus capable of providing an expanded viewing window when reproducing a holographic image via an off-axis technique. The holographic display apparatus includes a spatial light modulator comprising a plurality of pixels arranged two-dimensionally; and an aperture enlargement film configured to enlarge a beam diameter of a light beam coming from each of the plurality of pixels of the spatial light modulator. The beam diameter of each light beam enlarged by the aperture enlargement film may be greater than the width of an aperture of each pixel of the spatial light modulator.

The invention relates to a light modulation device for a display for representing two- and/or three-dimensional image content or image sequences. The light modulation device comprises a light modulator and a controller. The phase and/or the amplitude of a light wave field, which is substantially collimated, can be varied by means of the light modulator depending on the location of the light modulator. The light modulator can be actuated by means of the control device. According to the invention, in the direction of propagation of the light wave field, at least one diffracting unit is arranged downstream of the light modulator. The diffracting unit has a variable diffracting structure. By means of the diffracting structure, the light wave field varied by the light modulator can be diffracted in a variable and predeterminable manner. Further, the present invention relates to a display and a method for producing a light modulation device.

The invention relates to a light modulation device for a display for representing two- and/or three-dimensional image content or image sequences. The light modulation device comprises a light modulator and a controller. The phase and/or the amplitude of a light wave field, which is substantially collimated, can be varied by means of the light modulator depending on the location of the light modulator. The light modulator can be actuated by means of the control device. According to the invention, in the direction of propagation of the light wave field, at least one diffracting unit is arranged downstream of the light modulator. The diffracting unit has a variable diffracting structure. By means of the diffracting structure, the light wave field varied by the light modulator can be diffracted in a variable and predeterminable manner. Further, the present invention relates to a display and a method for producing a light modulation device.

A light projection apparatus is provided comprising: a source of light; a switchable grating on a first substrate; and a diffractive optical element. Light is diffracted at least once by the switchable grating and is diffracted at least once by the DOE.

Methods and apparatus to calibrate spatial light modulators are disclosed. Examples include processor circuitry to execute and/or instantiate instructions to provide a greyscale image to a spatial light modulator (SLM) to define voltages to be applied to individual pixels of the SLM. The voltages associated with pixel values in the greyscale image. The pixel values arranged in a double-slit grating pattern. The SLM to produce an interference pattern based on the double-slit grating pattern. The processor circuitry is to determine a phase difference between first and second gratings of the double-slit grating pattern based on the interference pattern. The processor circuitry is to generate a phase curvature based on the phase difference.

A holographic display panel comprises a plurality of display units, each display unit comprises at least two adjacent pixels, each pixel comprises: a plurality of sub-pixels; and a plurality of phase plates. Diffractive angles of light coming out of the phase plates corresponding to the sub-pixels in a same pixel are the same, a diffractive angle of first light coming out of the phase plates corresponding to a first pixel in one of the display units is different from a diffractive angle of second light coming out of the phase plates corresponding to a second pixel that is different from the first pixel but in the same display unit, and a reverse extension line of the first light and a reverse extension line of the second light intersect at an image plane position.

The invention relates to a light modulation device for a display for representing two- and/or three-dimensional image content or image sequences. The light modulation device comprises a light modulator and a controller. The phase and/or the amplitude of a light wave field, which is substantially collimated, can be varied by means of the light modulator depending on the location of the light modulator. The light modulator can be actuated by means of the control device. According to the invention, in the direction of propagation of the light wave field, at least one diffracting unit is arranged downstream of the light modulator. The diffracting unit has a variable diffracting structure. By means of the diffracting structure, the light wave field varied by the light modulator can be diffracted in a variable and predeterminable manner. Further, the present invention relates to a display and a method for producing a light modulation device.