A near-to-eye display device includes a spatial light modulator, a rotatable reflective optical element and a pupil-tracking device. The pupil-tracking device tracks the eye pupil position of the user. Based on the data provided by the pupil-tracking device, the reflective optical element is rotated such that the light modulated by the spatial light modulator is directed towards the user's eye pupil.

A holographic display apparatus capable of providing an expanded viewing window and a display method are provided. The holographic display apparatus includes an image processor configured to provide computer generated hologram (CGH) data to a spatial light modulator, wherein the image processor is further configured to generate a hologram data array comprising information of the holographic image to be reproduced at the first resolution or a resolution less than the first resolution, perform an off-axis phase computation on the hologram data array at the second resolution, and then, generate the CHG data at the first resolution.

Disclosed are an active complex spatial light modulation method and apparatus for an ultra-low noise holographic display. The active complex spatial light modulation apparatus includes a substrate and a petal antenna including three petal patterns arranged on the substrate, dividing a complex plane into three phase sections, and modulating the input light into three-phase amplitude values corresponding to the phase sections. The petal antenna may have a point symmetry shape based on the center point of the petal antenna.

A liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator comprising an array of light-modulating pixels and a controller are disclosed. Each light-modulating pixel of the array comprises liquid crystal and is associated with a respective flip-flop. The controller receives a hologram of an image comprising a plurality of hologram pixels. Each hologram pixel comprises a respective n-bit hologram pixel value. The controller drives each light-modulating pixel in accordance with a respective hologram pixel value of the hologram. There is a one-to-n pixel correlation between the hologram and the light-modulating pixels. The flip-flops of each contiguous group of n light-modulating pixels are connected in series to form a shift register. During operation of the shift register, the n-bit hologram pixel value associated with each contiguous group of n light-modulating pixels is provided to each light-modulating pixel one bit at a time over the course of at least n clock cycles.

An apparatus generates a coherent illumination beam. An embedded light-scattering apparatus in a transparent substrate illuminates a reflective optical element which is also embedded inside the same substrate. The reflective optical element is designed to provide a desired beam profile.

Provided is a holographic display apparatus including a light source configured to emit light, a spatial light modulator configured to form a hologram pattern to modulate the light incident thereon and reproduce a hologram image, the spatial light modulator including a plurality of display pixels that are arranged two-dimensionally, and an optical element provided opposite a light incidence surface of the spatial light modulator or a light exit surface of the spatial light modulator, the optical element including an array of a plurality of light transmission patterns that are arranged irregularly.

A holographic display simulation device and a holographic display simulation method are provided. A holographic display simulation device includes a processor; and a memory including one or more instructions, wherein the one or more instructions are executed by the processor, and a holographic display is simulated by using at least one of a light source part model, a spatial light modulator model, and a display optical system model that respectively model a light source part, a spatial light modulator, and a display optical system of the holographic display.

There is provided a holographic projector comprising a reflective liquid crystal display device. The reflective liquid crystal display device comprises a light-modulating layer between a first substrate and a second substrate substantially parallel to the first substrate. The light-modulating layer comprises planar-aligned nematic liquid crystals having positive dielectric anisotropy. The first substrate is substantially transparent and comprises a first alignment layer arranged to impart a first pre-tilt angle θ.sub..Math. on liquid crystals proximate the first substrate, wherein θ.sub.1>5°. The second substrate is substantially reflective and comprises a second alignment layer arranged to impart a second pre-tilt angle Θ.sub.2 on liquid crystals proximate the second substrate, wherein θ.sub.2>5°. The reflective liquid crystal display device further comprises a plurality of pixels defined on the light-modulating layer having a pixel repeat distance x, wherein x≤10 μm. The distance d between inside faces of the first substrate and second substrate satisfies 0.5 μm≤d≤3 μm, and the birefringence of the liquid crystal Δη≥0.20. The holographic projector further comprises a display driver arranged to drive the reflective liquid crystal display device to display a hologram by independently-driving each pixel at a respective modulation level selected from a plurality of modulation levels having a phase modulation value.

A compound metaoptic is presented. The compound metaoptic is comprised of at least two phase-discontinuous metasurfaces, which can convert an incident light beam to an aperture field with a desired magnitude, phase, and polarization profile. Each of the constitutive metasurfaces is designed to exhibit specific refractive properties, which vary along the metasurface. Furthermore, due to its transmission-based operation, the metaoptic can operate without lenses and be low profile: potentially having a thickness on the order of a few wavelengths or less. A systematic design procedure is also presented, which allows conversion between arbitrary complex-valued field distributions without reflection, absorption or active components. Such compound metaoptics may find applications where a specific complex field distribution is desired, including displaying holographic images and augmented or virtual reality systems.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method for analyzing an imaging quality of an imaging system. The imaging system comprises a spatial light modulator. The spatial light modulator comprises pixel units arranged in an array. The method comprises obtaining a transmittance distribution function of the spatial light modulator based on a structural parameter of the pixel unit, wherein the structural parameter is an aperture ratio. The imaging quality analysis parameter of the imaging system is obtained based on the transmittance distribution function of the spatial light modulator. Then, the imaging quality of the imaging system is analyzed based on the imaging quality analysis parameter.