A hologram that includes a formation layer and a reflection layer that are laminated. The formation layer has an optical phase modulation structure on a first interface in contact with the reflection layer. When reference light emitted from a point light source enters through a second interface different from the first interface of the formation layer, the entirety or part of an image to be reconstructed by the optical phase modulation structure is reconstructed as spatial information on the point light source side relative to the second interface.

There is provided an optical structure having a quantization phase difference structure on one surface of a quantization phase difference structure layer, wherein in the quantization phase difference structure, a plurality of quantization projecting portions in a constant size and a plurality of quantization recessed portions in a constant size are aligned, wherein a multiple diffraction region has the quantization phase difference structure where ribbed projecting portions, in which the quantization projecting portions are aligned in one direction, are arranged adjacent to and alternately with groove-like recessed portions, in which the quantization recessed portions are aligned parallel to the ribbed projecting portions, and wherein the multiple diffraction region is a quantization phase difference structure configured to reproduce a plurality of reproduction points discrete in one direction and arranged regularly.

An optical film including a recording surface on which a plurality of unit blocks is disposed at regular intervals. For these unit blocks, phase components of light from a reconstruction point are calculated. The recording surface includes a calculated element region provided with an array of the unit blocks for which phase components of light from the reconstruction point are calculated for reproduction of an image. A first image is a monotone reconstruction image having even brightness, and a second image is a grayscale image having brightness gradation.

The present invention relates to surface functionalized titanium dioxide nanoparticles, a method for its production, a coating composition, comprising the surface functionalized titanium dioxide nanoparticles and the use of the coating composition for coating holo-grams, wave guides and solar panels. Holograms are bright and visible from any angle, when printed with the coating composition, comprising the surface functionalized tita-nium dioxide nanoparticles.

A method of forming a metallic structure on an optical element including a surface relief structure is disclosed. The method includes: forming a metallic structure on the optical element by applying a metal containing ink to the surface relief structure. The metal-containing ink includes an organic solvent and a metal-containing component. The metal-containing component is a homogeneously soluble metal salt, a metal complex or any combinations thereof.

A liquid crystal laminate includes a substrate including a first diffraction surface and a second base material surface and having optical transparency, a metal layer located on a part of the first diffraction layer, an adhesion layer located on a part of the second base material layer and made of a photocured resin, and liquid crystal layer located on a surface of the adhesion layer at a side opposite to the contact surface of the substrate.

A hologram that includes a formation layer and a reflection layer that are laminated. The formation layer has an optical phase modulation structure on a first interface in contact with the reflection layer. When reference light emitted from a point light source enters through a second interface different from the first interface of the formation layer, the entirety or part of an image to be reconstructed by the optical phase modulation structure is reconstructed as spatial information on the point light source side relative to the second interface.

A method for manufacturing a security element includes forming a first layer from a transparent material, forming a first holographic surface structure on the first layer, metallizing the first layer to form a first metal layer, forming a second layer from a radiation-sensitive polymer, forming a second holographic surface structure on the second layer, metallizing the second layer to form the second metal layer, forming a pattern of a coating on the second metal layer in which the pattern includes regions covered by the coating and regions uncovered by the coating, removal of the metal in regions of the second metal layer which are uncovered by the coating through de-metallization, exposing the de-metallized regions of the second layer to light or radiation, and removal of the metal in regions of the first metal layer that are not covered by the second layer, through de-metallization.

A main object of the present disclosure is to provide a hologram structure having excellent forgery preventability and designability. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing a hologram structure comprising: a hologram layer including a reflection type hologram forming region carrying a recorded phase type Fourier transform hologram that transforms an incident light from a point light source into a desired optical image; and a vapor deposition layer formed so as to come into contact with a concavo-convex surface of the reflection type hologram forming region of the hologram layer, and a size of the reflection type hologram forming region in plan view is in a range of 5 mm square or more and 50 mm square or less.

The present invention relates to surface functionalized titanium dioxide nanoparticles, a method for its production, a coating composition, comprising the surface functionalized titanium dioxide nanoparticles and the use of the coating composition for coating holo-grams, wave guides and solar panels. Holograms are bright and visible from any angle, when printed with the coating composition, comprising the surface functionalized tita-nium dioxide nanoparticles.